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Ethnic density effects on birth outcomes and maternal smoking during pregnancy in the US linked birth and infant death data set

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  • Shaw, R.J.
  • Pickett, K.E.
  • Wilkinson, R.G.

Abstract

Objectives. We investigated whether mothers from ethnic minority groups have better pregnancy outcomes when they live in counties with higher densities of people from the same ethnic group-despite such areas tending to be more socioeconomically deprived. Methods. In a population-based US study, we used multilevel logistic regression analysis to test whether same-ethnic density was associated with maternal smoking in pregnancy, low birthweight, preterm delivery, and infant mortality among 581151 Black and 763201 Hispanic mothers and their infants, with adjustment for maternal and area-level characteristics. Results. Higher levels of same-ethnic density were associated with reduced odds of infant mortality among Hispanic mothers, and reduced odds of smoking during pregnancy for US-born Hispanic and Black mothers. For Black mothers, moderate levels of same-ethnic density were associated with increased risk of low birthweight and preterm delivery; high levels of same ethnic density had no additional effect. Conclusions. Our results suggest that for Hispanic mothers, in contrast to Black mothers, the advantages of shared culture, social networks, and social capital protect maternal and infant health.

Suggested Citation

  • Shaw, R.J. & Pickett, K.E. & Wilkinson, R.G., 2010. "Ethnic density effects on birth outcomes and maternal smoking during pregnancy in the US linked birth and infant death data set," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(4), pages 707-713.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2009.167114_8
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.167114
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    1. Mehra, Renee & Boyd, Lisa M. & Ickovics, Jeannette R., 2017. "Racial residential segregation and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 237-250.
    2. O'Connell, Heather A., 2015. "Where there's smoke: Cigarette use, social acceptability, and spatial approaches to multilevel modeling," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 18-26.
    3. Shoff, Carla & Yang, Tse-Chuan, 2013. "Understanding maternal smoking during pregnancy: Does residential context matter?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 50-60.
    4. Diana M. Sheehan & Mary Jo Trepka & Kristopher P. Fennie & Guillermo Prado & Miguel Ángel Cano & Lorene M. Maddox, 2015. "Black–White Latino Racial Disparities in HIV Survival, Florida, 2000–2011," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Bécares, Laia & Nazroo, James & Albor, Christo & Chandola, Tarani & Stafford, Mai, 2012. "Examining the differential association between self-rated health and area deprivation among white British and ethnic minority people in England," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(4), pages 616-624.
    6. Samuel H. Fishman & S. Philip Morgan & Robert A. Hummer, 2018. "Smoking and Variation in the Hispanic Paradox: A Comparison of Low Birthweight Across 33 US States," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 37(5), pages 795-824, October.
    7. Hong, Seunghye & Zhang, Wei & Walton, Emily, 2014. "Neighborhoods and mental health: Exploring ethnic density, poverty, and social cohesion among Asian Americans and Latinos," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 117-124.
    8. Richard C. Sadler & Julia W. Felton & Jill A. Rabinowitz & Terrinieka W. Powell & Amanda Latimore & Darius Tandon, 2022. "Inequitable Housing Practices and Youth Internalizing Symptoms: Mediation Via Perceptions of Neighborhood Cohesion," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(4), pages 153-166.
    9. Nan Zhang & Jennifer L. Beauregard & Michael R. Kramer & Laia Bécares, 2017. "Neighbourhood Ethnic Density Effects on Behavioural and Cognitive Problems Among Young Racial/Ethnic Minority Children in the US and England: A Cross-National Comparison," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 36(5), pages 761-804, October.
    10. Borrell, Luisa N. & Kodali, Hanish & Rodriguez-Alvarez, Elena, 2021. "Interracial/ethnic marriage and adverse birth outcomes: The effect of neighborhood racial/ethnic composition," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    11. Janevic, T. & Borrell, L.N. & Savitz, D.A. & Echeverria, S.E. & Rundle, A., 2014. "Ethnic enclaves and gestational diabetes among immigrant women in New York City," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 180-189.
    12. Osea Giuntella, 2016. "Assimilation and Health: Evidence From Linked Birth Records of Second- and Third-Generation Hispanics," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(6), pages 1979-2004, December.
    13. Björn Albin & Katarina Hjelm & Jan Ekberg & Sölve Elmståhl, 2012. "County Differences in Mortality among Foreign-Born Compared to Native Swedes 1970–1999," Nursing Research and Practice, Hindawi, vol. 2012, pages 1-9, September.
    14. Diana M. Sheehan & Daniel E. Mauck & Kristopher P. Fennie & Elena A. Cyrus & Lorene M. Maddox & Spencer Lieb & Mary Jo Trepka, 2017. "Black–White and Country of Birth Disparities in Retention in HIV Care and Viral Suppression among Latinos with HIV in Florida, 2015," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-12, January.
    15. Yang, Tse-Chuan & Shoff, Carla & Noah, Aggie J. & Black, Nyesha & Sparks, Corey S., 2014. "Racial segregation and maternal smoking during pregnancy: A multilevel analysis using the racial segregation interaction index," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 26-36.
    16. Bécares, Laia & Nazroo, James & Jackson, James & Heuvelman, Hein, 2012. "Ethnic density effects on health and experienced racism among Caribbean people in the US and England: A cross-national comparison," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(12), pages 2107-2115.
    17. Auger, Nathalie & Park, Alison L. & Gamache, Philippe & Pampalon, Robert & Daniel, Mark, 2012. "Weighing the contributions of material and social area deprivation to preterm birth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(6), pages 1032-1037.

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