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Understanding Rural Population Loss

Author

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  • McGranahan, David A.
  • Beale, Calvin L.

Abstract

Despite a widespread decline in rural poverty in the 1990s, a quarter of nonmetro counties lost population over the decade. Poverty rates were no higher in these counties than in counties without population loss. We identify remote (from metro areas), thinly settled counties as “frontier” counties, arguing that the lack of access to services and the small labor market sizes in these counties inhibits the inmigration of people and businesses, particularly in the absence of compensating natural amenities. In two of every three low-amenity frontier counties, population loss exceeded 5 percent in 1990-2000. Most of these counties are farming-dependent, less because of their abundance of agriculture than because of their dearth of other economic activities. Some low-amenity frontier counties did gain population in the past decade. We look at these exceptions to see if there are rural development lessons to be learned.

Suggested Citation

  • McGranahan, David A. & Beale, Calvin L., 2002. "Understanding Rural Population Loss," Rural America/ Rural Development Perspectives, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 17(4), December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:uersra:289571
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.289571
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    Cited by:

    1. Jingwen Tan & Shixi Kang, 2021. "Housing property rights and social integration of migrant population: based on the 2017 china migrants' dynamic survey," Papers 2110.12394, arXiv.org.
    2. Karim K Mardaneh, 2016. "Functional specialisation and socio-economic factors in population change: A clustering study in non-metropolitan Australia," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(8), pages 1591-1616, June.
    3. Jevtić, Stojan & Stanković, Vojislav & Vučković, Slobodan, 2007. "Export Growth of Agricultural Products as Factor of Agricultural and Rural Development in Serbia," 100th Seminar, June 21-23, 2007, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro 162400, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Cho, Seong-Hoon & Kim, Seung Gyu & Clark, Christopher D. & Park, William M., 2007. "Spatial Analysis of Rural Economic Development Using a Locally Weighted Regression Model," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 36(1), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Guerrero, Bridget L. & Johnson, Jeffrey W. & Amosson, Stephen H. & Johnson, Phillip N. & Segarra, Eduardo & Surles, James, 2011. "Ethanol Production in the Southern High Plains of Texas: Impacts on the Economy and Scarce Water Resources," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 41(1), pages 1-11.
    6. repec:mpr:mprres:4589 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Heike Delfmann & Sierdjan Koster & Philip McCann & Jouke Van Dijk, 2014. "Population Change and New Firm Formation in Urban and Rural Regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(6), pages 1034-1050, June.
    8. Mark Ferguson & Kamar Ali & M. Rose Olfert & Mark Partridge, 2007. "Voting with Their Feet: Jobs versus Amenities," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 77-110, March.
    9. Cader, Hanas A., 2008. "The Evolution of the Knowledge Economy," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 38(2), pages 1-13.
    10. Dan S. Rickman & Hongbo Wang, 2020. "Whither the American west economy? Natural amenities, mineral resources and nonmetropolitan county growth," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 65(3), pages 673-701, December.
    11. Hanas A. Cader & John C. Leatherman, 2012. "Growth of the Knowledge-based Economy in a Two-person Non-cooperative Game," Chapters, in: Knut Ingar Westeren (ed.), Foundations of the Knowledge Economy, chapter 3, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    12. Daan Francois Toerien, 2022. "Linking Entrepreneurial Activities and Community Prosperity/Poverty in United States Counties: Use of the Enterprise Dependency Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, February.
    13. Ann Marie Fiore & Linda S. Niehm & Jessica L. Hurst & Jihyeong Son & Amrut Sadachar & Daniel W. Russell & David Swenson & Christopher Seeger, 2015. "Will They Stay or Will They Go? Community Features Important in Migration Decisions of Recent University Graduates," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 29(1), pages 23-37, February.
    14. Stephan Goetz & Anil Rupasingha, 2009. "Determinants of growth in non-farm proprietor densities in the US, 1990–2000," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 32(4), pages 425-438, April.
    15. Shaun A. Golding & Richelle L. Winkler, 2020. "Tracking Urbanization and Exurbs: Migration Across the Rural–Urban Continuum, 1990–2016," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(5), pages 835-859, October.
    16. Anne M. Mandich & Jeffrey H. Dorfman, 2017. "The Wage and Job Impacts of Hospitals on Local Labor Markets," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 31(2), pages 139-148, May.
    17. Debra A. Strong & Patricia Del Grosso & Andrew Burwick & Vinita Jethwani & Michael Ponza, "undated". "Rural Research Needs and Data Sources for Selected Human Services Topics, Volume 1: Research Needs," Mathematica Policy Research Reports a194fdd8e178411cb2a5c4c40, Mathematica Policy Research.
    18. Davidsson, Michael & Cortes, Bienvenido, 2017. "The Role of the Housing Supply and the Regulatory Environment in Economic Growth of Micropolitan Statistical Areas," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 47(1).
    19. Mahasuweerachai, Phumsith & Whitacre, Brian E. & Shideler, David W., 2009. "Does Broadband Access Impact Population Growth in Rural America?," 2009 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, 2009, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 49303, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    20. Mammen, Sheila & Bauer, Jean W. & Lass, Daniel A., 2009. "Life Satisfaction Over Time Among Rural Low-income Mothers," Working Paper Series 47511, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Resource Economics.
    21. Vasile Burja & Camelia Burja, 2013. "Knowledge Economy And Entrepreneurship Environment In Romania," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 2(15), pages 1-27.
    22. Zhonglei Yu & Hua Zhang & Piling Sun & Yandi Guo, 2022. "The Pattern and Local Push Factors of Rural Depopulation in Less-Developed Areas: A Case Study in the Mountains of North Hebei Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-27, May.
    23. Adamson, Dwight W. & Waugh, Andrew, 2012. "Farm Operator Entry and Exit Behavior: A Longitudinal Analysis," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 124053, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    24. Felix N. Fernando & Dennis R. Cooley, 2016. "An Oil Boom’s Effect on Quality of Life (QoL): Lessons from Western North Dakota," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 1083-1115, December.
    25. Barbara A. Haley, 2017. "Does Stigma Inhibit Labor Force Participation of Young Millennials Who Receive Housing Assistance?," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(1), pages 71-95, March.

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    Keywords

    Community/Rural/Urban Development;

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