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Measuring GATS mode 4 trade flows

Author

Listed:
  • Magdeleine, Joscelyn
  • Maurer, Andreas

Abstract

Realistic estimates of mode 4 trade are virtually non-existent. Based on the GATS legal definition, the paper introduces the statistical conceptualization of mode 4. While showing that balance of payments labour related flows indicators, such as worker's remittances and compensation of employees, cannot be used as substitutes, the paper discusses relevant balance of payments transactions in individual services sectors for estimating the value of this trade. Given the complexity of many services contracts (one service contract may involve the use of more than one mode to supply services to consumers), it provides simplifying assumptions that help build these measures of mode 4 trade in services. The paper recognizes that the proposed simplified statistical approach to modes of supply does not strictly adhere to GATS provisions and explains that it has been designed as a first guidance to provide relevant information for GATS while ensuring feasibility and consistency with statistical frameworks. Examples are given, showing the interest of some economies to estimate the size of mode 4 trade. The paper also presents how existing migration and tourism statistics could be used to assess the physical mode 4 movement (flows) and presence (stocks) in terms of number of persons. It introduces necessary extensions (separate identification of relevant mode 4 categories of persons, breakdowns by origin/destination, occupations, length of stay etc.) of these statistical frameworks in order to conduct a proper assessment of mode 4.

Suggested Citation

  • Magdeleine, Joscelyn & Maurer, Andreas, 2008. "Measuring GATS mode 4 trade flows," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2008-05, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wtowps:ersd200805
    DOI: 10.30875/64c4d93d-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Erik Marel, 2017. "Explaining Export Performance through Inputs: Evidence from Aggregated Cross-country Firm-level Data," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 731-755, August.
    2. Rueda-Cantuche, José & Kerner, Riina & Cernat, Lucian & Ritola, Veijo, 2016. "Trade in services by GATS modes of supply: Statistical concepts and first EU estimates," DG TRADE Chief Economist Notes 2016-3, Directorate General for Trade, European Commission.
    3. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2021. "Effect of Multilateral Trade Liberalization on Services Export Diversification," EconStor Preprints 229152, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    4. repec:prg:jnlpep:v:preprint:id:652:p:1-17 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. José M. RUEDA‐CANTUCHE & Lucian CERNAT & Nuno SOUSA, 2019. "Trade and jobs in Europe: The role of mode 5 service exports," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 158(1), pages 115-136, March.
    6. Graneli, Anna & Lodefalk, Magnus, 2014. "Temporary Expats for Export: Firm-Level Evidence," Working Papers 2014:4, Örebro University, School of Business.
    7. Egger, Peter & MILE 02, Anirudh Shingal, 2014. "Determinants of services trade agreements," Papers 721, World Trade Institute.
    8. Markus Kelle & Jörn Kleinert & Horst Raff & Farid Toubal, 2013. "Cross-border and Foreign Affiliate Sales of Services: Evidence from German Microdata," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(11), pages 1373-1392, November.
    9. Anda David & Mohamed Ali Marouani, 2013. "The Impact of Labor Mobility on Unemployment: A Comparison between Jordan and Tunisia," Working Papers 823, Economic Research Forum, revised Dec 2013.
    10. Drake-Brockman, Jane, 2011. "The Importance of Measuring the Delivery of Services via Commercial Presence of Offshore Foreign Affiliates: Some Case Studies from Australian Business Experience," ADBI Working Papers 295, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    11. Pierre Sauvé & Anirudh Shingal, 2016. "Why Do Economies Enter into Preferential Agreements on Trade in Services? Assessing the Potential for Negotiated Regulatory Convergence in Asian Services Markets," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 33(1), pages 56-73, March.
    12. Bernard Hoekman & Anirudh Shingal, 2020. "Aid for trade and international transactions in goods and services," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 320-340, May.
    13. Magnus Lodefalk, 2016. "Temporary expats for exports: micro-level evidence," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 152(4), pages 733-772, November.
    14. Dowlah Caf, 2012. "Mode 4 of WTO's General Agreement on Trade in Services: Can it spur Cross-Border Labor Mobility from Developing Countries?," The Law and Development Review, De Gruyter, vol. 5(2), pages 56-82, December.
    15. repec:dau:papers:123456789/14987 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Erik der Marel & Sébastien Miroudot, 2014. "The economics and political economy of going beyond the GATS," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 205-239, June.
    17. MILE 02, Anirudh Shingal & Roy, Martin & Sauvé, Pierre, 2014. "Are Asian services markets optimal regulatory convergence areas?," Papers 719, World Trade Institute.
    18. Ted Davis & David M. Hart, 2010. "International Cooperation to Manage High‐Skill Migration: The Case of India–U.S. Relations," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 27(4), pages 509-526, July.
    19. Lanz, Rainer & Maurer, Andreas, 2015. "Services and global value chains: Some evidence on servicification of manufacturing and services networks," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2015-03, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    20. Adlung, Rudolf, 2009. "Trade in healthcare and health insurance services: The GATS as a supporting actor (?)," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2009-15, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.
    21. Cernat, Lucian & D'Andrea, Barbara & Liberatore, Antonella & Maurer, Andreas & Wettstein, Steen, 2018. "Towards a Global Data Set on Trade in Services By Sector and Mode of Supply," Conference papers 332924, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    22. Wettstein, Steen & Liberatore, Antonella & Magdeleine, Joscelyn & Maurer, Andreas, 2019. "A Global Trade In Services Data Set by Sector and by Mode of Supply (TISMOS)," Conference papers 333058, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    23. Erik Marel & Martina Francesca Ferracane, 2021. "Do data policy restrictions inhibit trade in services?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 157(4), pages 727-776, November.
    24. Marchetti, Juan & Roy, Martin & Zoratto, Laura, 2012. "Is there reciprocity in preferential trade agreements on services?," WTO Staff Working Papers ERSD-2012-16, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mode 4; statistics; GATS; trade in services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C82 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F2 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business

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