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Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Exporterlösschwankungen und Investitionsgüterimporten in ausgewählten Entwicklungsländern

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  • Mayer, Thomas

Abstract

In der Debatte um die Bedeutung schwankender Exporterlöse für das Wirtschaftswachstum in Entwicklungsländern wird oft das Argument gebraucht, Exporterlösinstabilität führe zu schwankenden Investitionsgüterimporten, da diese eine Funktion der Importkapazität seien. In vielen Entwicklungsländern haben importierte Investitionsgüter einen hohen Anteil an den gesamten Investitionen, so daß man deshalb vermuten kann, schwankende Exporterlöse führten zu einer insgesamt zyklischen Investitionstätigkeit mit verminderter gesamtwirtschaftlicher Produktivität und langfristigen Wachstumseinbußen. Wenig Beachtung hat bislang hingegen die Frage gefunden, ob Exporterlösschwankungen die währungspolitischen Instanzen in Entwicklungsländern veranlassen könnten, aus Sorge vor unerwünschten Zahlungsbilanzungleichgewichten (beim jeweiligen Wechselkurs) und zur Stabilisierung der Einfuhren mehr Devisenreserven zu 2 halten als bei stetig anfallenden Exporterlösen. Dies hätte einen Importverzicht zur Folge (unter sonst gleichbleibenden Bedingungen), wovon auch die Versorgung mit ausländischen Investitionsgütern betroffen sein könnte. In diesem Beitrag soll die Hypothese untersucht werden, daß in einer Volkswirtschaft, deren Wachstum wesentlich von der Devisenverfügbarkeit bestimmt wird, Exporterlösschwankungen eine Devisenreservenachfrage zur Überbrückung vorübergehender Zahlungsbilanzungleichgewichte induzieren, die zur Verringerung der Investitionsgüterimporte führt. Getestet werden soll diese Hypothese am Beispiel von acht Entwicklungsländern: Brasilien, Kenia, Kolumbien, Madagaskar, Malaysia, Mexiko, Senegal und Südkorea. Neben statistischen Zwängen war für die Länderauswahl der Entwicklungsstand, die Produktions- und Außenhandelsstruktur sowie die Zugehörigkeit zu politischen oder ökonomischen Gemeinschaften maßgebend.

Suggested Citation

  • Mayer, Thomas, 1980. "Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Exporterlösschwankungen und Investitionsgüterimporten in ausgewählten Entwicklungsländern," Kiel Working Papers 109, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:109
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kelly, Michael G, 1970. "The Demand for International Reserves," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 60(4), pages 655-667, September.
    2. Clark, Peter B, 1970. "Optimum International Reserves and the Speed of Adjustment," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(2), pages 356-376, March-Apr.
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