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The Evolution of Cleavages in the Indonesian Party System

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  • Ufen, Andreas

Abstract

The basic patterns of the initial Indonesian party system have reemerged after more than four decades of authoritarianism. The cleavage model by Lipset and Rokkan is well-suited to analyzing the genesis of and the most salient features of this party system. However, in applying the approach, some adjustments have to be made. For instance, the national and industrial revolutions have to be conceived of differently. Moreover, it is useful to distinguish critical phases in the formation of parties. The four cleavages have to be reinterpreted and additional ones need to be identified. In Indonesia, economic cleavages are hardly significant in conflicts between political parties (especially the 'capital' versus 'labour' cleavage) or are expressed in terms of religion or allegiance to political leaders based in a specific region ('urban' versus 'rural'). In addition, in comparison with 1999 and particularly with the 1950s, today's cleavages are less marked. Thus, the Lipset- Rokkan model has to be combined with other approaches which underline the importance of clientelism and the dealignment of parties.

Suggested Citation

  • Ufen, Andreas, 2008. "The Evolution of Cleavages in the Indonesian Party System," GIGA Working Papers 74, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:gigawp:74
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    1. Andrew J. Drummond, 2006. "Electoral Volatility and Party Decline in Western Democracies: 1970-1995," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 54, pages 628-647, October.
    2. Erdmann, Gero, 2007. "The Cleavage Model, Ethnicity and Voter Alignment in Africa: Conceptual and Methodological Problems Revisited," GIGA Working Papers 63, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    3. Zuckerman, Alan, 1975. "Political Cleavage: A Conceptual and Theoretical Analysis," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(2), pages 231-248, April.
    4. Torcal, Mariano & Mainwaring, Scott, 2003. "The Political Recrafting of Social Bases of Party Competition: Chile, 1973–95," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 33(1), pages 55-84, January.
    5. Andrew J. Drummond, 2006. "Electoral Volatility and Party Decline in Western Democracies: 1970–1995," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 54(3), pages 628-647, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fossati, Diego, 2016. "Beyond “Good Governance”: The Multi-level Politics of Health Insurance for the Poor in Indonesia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 291-306.

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