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Anwendung der Mehr-Ebenen-Perspektive auf Transitionen: Initiativen in den kommunal geprägten Handlungsfeldern Energie, Wasser, Bauen & Wohnen

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  • Köhler, Jonathan Hugh
  • Laws, Norman
  • Renz, Ina
  • Hacke, Ulrike
  • Wesche, Julius
  • Friedrichsen, Nele
  • Peters, Anja
  • Niederste-Hollenberg, Jutta

Abstract

Die anhaltenden Nachhaltigkeitsherausforderungen unserer Gesellschaft - sei es hinsichtlich des Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauchs oder der sozialen Gerechtigkeit - illustrieren die Notwendigkeit einer großen gesellschaftlichen Transformation, um entsprechend der Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie Deutschlands "eine tragfähige und gerechte Balance zwischen den Bedürfnissen der heutigen Generation und den Lebensperspektiven künftiger Generationen" zu erreichen (Bundesregierung , 2012, S. 18; WBGU, 2011). Ein zentrales Schlüsselkonzept der Transitionsforschung ist das Mehr-Ebenen-Modell (multi-level perspective, MLP), welches insbesondere für empirische Studien zu historischen Transitionen entwickelt und angewendet wurde. Die erforderlichen Veränderungen von Institutionen und Praktiken können auf den verschiedensten Ebenen und für die verschiedensten Bereiche - ökonomische, soziale, kulturelle und ökologische - untersucht und beschrieben werden. Besonders eng verknüpft mit der Lebensrealität der Menschen und unmittelbar wahrnehmbar ist die kommunale Ebene. Während im Handlungsfeld "Bauen und Wohnen" der allgemeine Wandel gesellschaftlicher Altersstrukturen im Vordergrund steht, sind es bei "Wasser" und "Energie" insbesondere die mit der demographischen Entwicklung in Deutschland einhergehende regionale Veränderung der Bevölkerungsgrößen und der Nutzerzahlen, denen eine entscheidende Bedeutung bei dem Veränderungsdruck auf bestehende Regime zukommt. Diese bestehenden Regime zeichnen sich in allen drei Fällen durch eine Pfadabhängigkeit aus, die durch hohen materiellen und infrastrukturellen Bereitstellungs- und Investitionsaufwand bedingt ist. So stellt gerade in den Bereichen "Bauen und Wohnen" und "Wasserver- und Abwasserentsorgung" die Langlebigkeit der getätigten Investitionen ein Hemmnis für Wandlungsprozesse dar - aber auch die Schaffung und der Unterhalt von Wärmenetzen benötigt höheren Aufwand und nicht unerhebliche Anfangsinvestitionen. Dadurch ergibt sich eine starke Beharrlichkeit und Fixierung von Akteuren auf bestehende Regime. Diese Erstanalyse zeigt, dass in allen drei Handlungsfeldern ein Regime, Landschaftsfaktoren, welche Druck auf dieses ausüben, sowie Nischeninnovationen, die in diesem Kontext entstehen, identifiziert werden können. Dabei ist Nachhaltigkeit für alle Nischen als Innovationstreiber zu erkennen, wenn auch mit unterschiedlicher Wichtigkeit der drei Dimensionen "ökologische", "ökonomische" und "soziale Nachhaltigkeit". Der demographische Wandel ist im Bau- und Wohnbereich ein weiterer entscheidender Treiber, gleichzeitig bieten Sanierungserfordernisse oder neue Bedarfe für Infrastrukturen im Wärme- und Wasserbereiche günstige Zeitfenster für mögliche Transitionen.

Suggested Citation

  • Köhler, Jonathan Hugh & Laws, Norman & Renz, Ina & Hacke, Ulrike & Wesche, Julius & Friedrichsen, Nele & Peters, Anja & Niederste-Hollenberg, Jutta, 2017. "Anwendung der Mehr-Ebenen-Perspektive auf Transitionen: Initiativen in den kommunal geprägten Handlungsfeldern Energie, Wasser, Bauen & Wohnen," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S01/2017, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s012017
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Louis Meuleman, 2021. "Public Administration and Governance for the SDGs: Navigating between Change and Stability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, May.

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