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Measuring Social Norms About Female Labor Force Participation in Jordan

Author

Listed:
  • Gauri,Varun
  • Rahman,Tasmia
  • Sen,Iman Kalyan

Abstract

This study conducted a large-scale, representative survey of social norms for female labor force participation in three governorates of Jordan. The social norms measures are disaggregated into thematic clusters, empirical and normative expectations, and interpersonal expectations within the household. The measurements satisfy reasonable tests for internal consistency, external validity, and test-retest reliability. The survey shows that the great majority of men and women favor women's labor force participation, although support falls under specific scenarios. Most non?working women would like a job. Among married women, the strongest correlates of working are the woman's expectations of her husband's views and the husband's personal beliefs. Among unmarried women, empirical expectations of the number of women working correlate strongest with labor force participation. The study findings indicate that information campaigns highlighting hidden support for women working could be effective, although distinct messages for men, married women, and unmarried women may be useful.

Suggested Citation

  • Gauri,Varun & Rahman,Tasmia & Sen,Iman Kalyan, 2019. "Measuring Social Norms About Female Labor Force Participation in Jordan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8916, The World Bank.
  • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8916
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    Cited by:

    1. Caroline Krafft & Ragui Assaad & Isabel Pastoor, 2021. "How Do Gender Norms Shape Education and Domestic Work Outcomes? The Case of Syrian Refugee Adolescents in Jordan," HiCN Working Papers 361, Households in Conflict Network.
    2. Irene Selwaness & Caroline Krafft, 2021. "The Dynamics of Family Formation and Women’s Work: What Facilitates and Hinders Female Employment in the Middle East and North Africa?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 40(3), pages 533-587, June.
    3. Smita Das & Clara Delavallade & Ayodele Fashogbon & Wale Olatunji Ogunleye & Sreelakshmi Papineni, 2023. "Occupational sex segregation in agriculture: Evidence on gender norms and socio‐emotional skills in Nigeria," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(2), pages 179-219, March.
    4. Paul M. Gorny & Petra Nieken & Karoline Ströhlein, 2023. "The Effects of Gendered Language on Norm Compliance," CESifo Working Paper Series 10459, CESifo.
    5. Bellani, Luna & Biswas, Kumar & Fehrler, Sebastian & Marx, Paul & Sabarwal, Shwetlena & Al-Zayed Josh, Syed Rashed, 2023. "Social Norms and Female Labor Force Participation in Bangladesh: The Role of Social Expectations and Reference Networks," IZA Discussion Papers 16006, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Das,Smita & Delavallade,Clara Anne & Fashogbon,Ayodele Emmanuel & Ogunleye,Wale Olatunji & Papineni,Sreelakshmi, 2021. "Occupational Sex Segregation in Agriculture : Evidence on Gender Norms and Socio-Emotional Skills in Nigeria," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9695, The World Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender and Development; Educational Sciences; Labor Markets; Transport Services;
    All these keywords.

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