Trade and globalization: events of the past thirty years and further evolutionary trajectories[Торговля И Глобализация: События Последних Тридцати Лет И Дальнейшие Эволюционные Траектории]

The report analyzes the globalization trends of recent decades and its impact on trade. It is shown, in particular, a significant change in the balance of economic forces between developed and developing countries, while the basic rules and conditions for trade and economic interaction in the world were formed even during the period of dominance of countries with developed economies. As a result, in addition to creating additional resources through more efficient use of existing opportunities from reducing various trade and economic barriers, the period of the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century was characterized by the accumulation of significant structural problems. It is demonstrated how regional economic integration in its modern form causes an increase in protectionism instead of the declared liberalization of international trade. The quantitative assessments of the impact on the world economy of the actions of the main world actors in the framework of trade wars that have entered the active phase in 2018 are given. Three options for further developments are proposed.