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Net Public Social Expenditure

Author

Listed:
  • Willem Adema
  • Marcel Einerhand
  • Bengt Eklind
  • Jorgen Lotz
  • Mark Pearson

Abstract

The OECD Social Expenditure data base (SOCX) allows the monitoring of trends in aggregate social expenditure and changes in its composition. But aggregate social expenditure may sometimes fail to reflect the true ‘effort’ of a country in providing social support. Account needs to be taken of the effects of tax systems and transfers which, although mandatory, are not paid by government.In order to get from a “gross” to a “net” concept of social expenditure various adjustments to raw data are needed. These adjustments concern: methods of benefit payment (“net” or “gross” of tax); the varying extent with which governments use fiscal instruments rather than cash transfers to pursue social policy goals; and the different degree to which government requires other economic agents to provide social expenditures. The analysis also addresses the automatic budget effects related to the stage of the economic cycle.This analysis is a first attempt to capture in a comprehensive manner the effect ... La base de données de l’OCDE sur les dépenses sociales (SOCX) permet d’observer l’évolution de l’ensemble des dépenses sociales ainsi que les modifications survenues dans leur composition. Mais ces dépenses dans leur ensemble peuvent parfois ne pas refléter l’effort véritable qu’un pays fournit pour apporter une aide sociale. Il faut tenir compte des effets du système fiscal et des transferts qui, bien qu’ils soient obligatoires, ne sont pas payés par le gouvernement.Afin de passer d’un concept ‘brut” de dépenses sociales à un concept “net”, divers ajustements sur les données brutes sont nécessaires. Ces ajustements concernent : les méthodes de paiement des prestations (“nettes” ou “brutes” d’impôt); l’importance avec laquelle les gouvernements utilisent les instruments financiers plutôt que les transferts en espèces pour accomplir les objectifs de la politique sociale; et jusqu’à quel point le gouvernement a besoin d’autres agents économiques pour qu’ils fournissent des dépenses ...

Suggested Citation

  • Willem Adema & Marcel Einerhand & Bengt Eklind & Jorgen Lotz & Mark Pearson, 1996. "Net Public Social Expenditure," OECD Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers 19, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaaa:19-en
    DOI: 10.1787/122001486025
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    Cited by:

    1. Hideki Konishi & Naomi Miyazato, 2018. "Distributive Impacts of Social Protection Systems in OECD Countries: Public-Private Mix and Hidden Welfare States," Working Papers 1804, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    2. Hélène Périvier, 2002. "Family Policies in France: between generosity and ambiguity," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/3843, Sciences Po.
    3. Alison Aughinbaugh & Maury Gittleman, 2003. "Does Money Matter?: A Comparison of the Effect of Income on Child Development in the United States and Great Britain," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 38(2).
    4. Peter Lloyd-Sherlock, 2000. "Failing the needy: public social spending in Latin America," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 12(1), pages 101-119.
    5. M. Peter van der Hoek, 2000. "Does the dutch model really exist?," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 6(3), pages 387-403, August.
    6. Verbist, Gerlinde, 2005. "Replacement incomes and taxes: a distributional analysis for the EU-15 countries," EUROMOD Working Papers EM2/05, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    7. Maria Alessandra Antonelli & Valeria De Bonis, 2015. "Quanti sistemi europei di welfare? Un’analisi in base a dimensioni, struttura, finanziamento," Public Finance Research Papers 16, Istituto di Economia e Finanza, DSGE, Sapienza University of Rome.
    8. repec:dgr:rugsom:03c28 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Antonelli Maria Alessandra & De Bonis Valeria, 2018. "Assessing the performance of social spending in Europe," Central European Journal of Public Policy, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 17-31, June.
    10. Maria Alessandra Antonelli & Valeria De Bonis, 2016. "Clustering European Welfare Systems through a Performance Index," Public Finance Research Papers 18, Istituto di Economia e Finanza, DSGE, Sapienza University of Rome.
    11. Jan-Egbert Sturm & Bjørn Volkerink, 2003. "How to Measure the Tax Burden on Labour at the Macro-Level?," CESifo Working Paper Series 963, CESifo.
    12. Bea Cantillon & Karel van den Bosch & Ive Marx, 2002. "The Puzzle of Egalitarianism: About the Relationships between Employment, Wage Inequality, Social Expenditures and Poverty," LIS Working papers 337, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    13. Delsen, Lei, 2003. "Are European welfare states sustainable?," Research Report 03C28, University of Groningen, Research Institute SOM (Systems, Organisations and Management).
    14. Cutler, David & Johnson, Richard, 2004. "The Birth and Growth of the Social Insurance State: Explaining Old-Age and Medical Insurance Across Countries," Scholarly Articles 2643658, Harvard University Department of Economics.
    15. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/3843 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. David M. Cutler & Richard Johnson, 2004. "The Birth and Growth of the Social Insurance State: Explaining Old Age and Medical Insurance Across Countries," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 120(1_2), pages 87-121, July.
    17. Kemmerling, Achim, 2001. "Die Messung des Sozialstaates: Beschäftigungspolitische Unterschiede zwischen Brutto- und Nettosozialleistungsquote," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Labor Market Policy and Employment FS I 01-201, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

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