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Globalisation and Inflation in the OECD Economies

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Author Info
Nigel Pain
Isabell Koske
Marte Sollie

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Abstract

Over the past 25 years inflation has moderated considerably in all OECD economies. At the same time, the production of many goods and services has become increasingly internationalised and the level of trade between the OECD and non-OECD economies has risen markedly. This paper investigates the extent to which the observed changes in the inflation process can be attributed to the increasing integration of non-OECD economies into the global economy. The results of the analysis show that i) import prices have become a more important driver of domestic consumer prices since the mid-1990s; ii) the sensitivity of inflation to domestic economic conditions has declined whereas the sensitivity to foreign economic conditions has risen, working through import prices; and iii) the strong GDP growth in the non-OECD economies over the past five years has contributed to the growth of real oil and metals prices. A scenario analysis shows that globalisation has put upward pressure on inflation via higher commodity prices and downward pressure via lower non-commodity import prices with the latter effect having dominated in most OECD economies.

Mondialisation et inflation dans les économies de l'OCDE
Au cours des 25 dernières années, l’inflation a considérablement diminué dans toutes les économies de l'OCDE. Pendant ce temps, la production de nombreux biens et services est devenue de plus en plus internationalisée et le niveau du commerce entre les pays de l'OCDE et les pays non membres a sensiblement augmenté. Ce papier étudie dans quelle mesure les changements observés dans le mécanisme d'inflation peuvent être attribués à l'intégration croissante des pays non membres de l'OCDE dans l'économie mondiale. Les résultats de l'analyse montrent que i) les prix d'importation jouent un rôle plus important dans la détermination des prix de consommation domestiques depuis le milieu des années 1990 ; ii) la sensibilité de l'inflation aux conditions économiques domestiques a diminué alors que la sensibilité aux conditions économiques extérieures a augmenté, en jouant à travers les prix d'importation ; et iii) la croissance forte du PIB dans les pays non membres au cours des cinq dernières années a contribué à l'augmentation des prix réels du pétrole et des métaux. Les simulations montrent que la globalisation a entraîné des pressions inflationnistes via des prix des matières premières plus élevés et des pressions désinflationnistes via des prix des importations des produits hors matières premières plus faibles. Le dernier effet semble avoir dominé dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE.

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Paper provided by OECD, Economics Department in its series OECD Economics Department Working Papers with number 524.

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Date of creation: 21 Nov 2006
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Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:524-en

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Related research
Keywords: globalisation; simulation; monetary policy; inflation; simulation; politique monétaire; inflation; mondialisation;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation
E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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  1. Bokan, Nikola & Hughes Hallett, Andrew, 2008. "The Impact of Tax and Market Distortions on the Phillips Curve and the Natural Rate of Unemployment," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, vol. 2(27), pages 1-28. [Downloadable!]
  2. Calista Cheung & Sylvie Morin, 2007. "The Impact of Emerging Asia on Commodity Prices," Working Papers 07-55, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
  3. Raphael Auer & Andreas M. Fischer, 2008. "The effect of trade with low-income countries on U.S. industry," Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper 14, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Alessandro Calza, 2008. "Globalisation, domestic inflation and global output gaps - evidence from the euro area," Working Paper Series 890, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  5. Frederic S. Mishkin, 2008. "Globalization, Macroeconomic Performance, and Monetary Policy," NBER Working Papers 13948, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Gaiotti, Eugenio, 2008. "Has globalisation changed the Phillips curve? Firm-level evidence on the effect of activity on prices," MPRA Paper 8389, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Alessandro Calza, 2008. "Globalisation, domestic inflation and the global output gaps: evidence from the Euro era," Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Paper 13, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. [Downloadable!]
  8. Wim Suyker, 2007. "The Chinese economy, seen from Japan and the Netherlands," CPB Memoranda 185, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. [Downloadable!]
  9. Eickmeier, Sandra & Moll, Katharina, 2008. "The global dimension of inflation: evidence from factor-augmented Phillips curves," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2008,16, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
  10. Matthieu Bussière & Arnaud Mehl, 2008. "China's and India's roles in global trade and finance - twin titans for the new millennium?," Occasional Paper Series 80, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  11. Sandra Eickmeier & Katharina Moll, 2009. "The global dimension of inflation - evidence from factor-augmented Phillips curves," Working Paper Series 1011, European Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  12. M S Mohanty & Philip Turner, 2008. "Monetary policy transmission in emerging market economies: what is new?," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Transmission mechanisms for monetary policy in emerging market economies, volume 35, pages 1-59 Bank for International Settlements. [Downloadable!]
  13. Robert Anderton & Paul Hiebert, . "The Impact of Globalisation on the Euro Area Macroeconomy," Discussion Papers 09/14, University of Nottingham, GEP. [Downloadable!]
  14. Jane Ihrig & Steven B. Kamin & Deborah Lindner & Jaime Marquez, 2007. "Some simple tests of the globalization and inflation hypothesis," International Finance Discussion Papers 891, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
  15. Adamcik, Santiago, 2008. "Efectos de la Globalizacion sobre la Inflacion y la politica Monetaria Domestica
    [Globalization Effect on both Inflation and Domestic Monetary Policy]
    ," MPRA Paper 9242, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  16. Ahrend, Rudiger, 2008. "Monetary Ease: A Factor behind Financial Crises? Some Evidence from OECD Countries," Economics Discussion Papers 2008-44, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. [Downloadable!]
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