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International tax planning, competition and market structure

Author

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  • Stéphane Sorbe
  • Åsa Johansson

Abstract

This paper investigates if tax planning by large multinationals distorts competition in their favour and allows them to crowd out other firms. The competitive implications of tax planning are frequently mentioned in the tax policy debate, but not yet documented empirically to our knowledge. This paper aims to fill this gap. Drawing on firm-level data from the ORBIS database, it compares price-cost mark-up rates of firms with different tax planning opportunities, using several proxy measures of these opportunities, such as links to tax havens. Tax-planning multinationals are found to have higher mark-up rates than other firms, even after controlling for other factors influencing mark-ups. However, the direction of causality is difficult to establish since a high mark-up can be a factor encouraging a firm to engage in tax planning. Based on a new indicator of industry concentration, the empirical analysis also shows that industries with a strong presence of tax-planning multinationals tend to be more concentrated than other industries, but less so when strong rules against tax planning are in place. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that large multinationals use their tax savings to crowd out other firms and ultimately obtain higher mark-ups. Planification fiscale internationale, concurrence et structure de marché Cet article examine si la planification fiscale par les grandes multinationales fausse la concurrence en leur faveur et leur permet d'évincer les autres entreprises. Les implications concurrentielles de la planification fiscale sont fréquemment mentionnées dans le débat sur la politique fiscale, mais pas encore documentées empiriquement à notre connaissance. Cet article vise à combler cette lacune. À partir des données d’entreprise de la base de données ORBIS, il compare les taux de mark-up prix-coûts des entreprises en fonction de leurs opportunités de planification fiscale, en utilisant plusieurs mesures indirectes de ces opportunités, telles que des liens vers des paradis fiscaux. Les multinationales engagées dans la planification fiscale se trouvent avoir des taux de mark-up plus élevés que les autres entreprises, même après ajustement pour d'autres facteurs qui influent sur ces taux. Cependant, la direction de la causalité est difficile à établir car un mark-up élevé peut être un facteur encourageant une entreprise de se livrer à la planification fiscale. Sur la base d'un nouvel indicateur de la concentration de l'industrie, l’analyse empirique montre également que les industries avec une forte présence des multinationales engagées dans la planification fiscale ont tendance à être plus concentrée que d'autres industries, mais que cette différence de concentration est atténuée quand des règles strictes contre la planification fiscale sont en place. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats soutiennent l'hypothèse que les grandes multinationales utilisent leurs économies d'impôt pour évincer d'autres entreprises et, finalement, obtenir des mark-ups plus élevées.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphane Sorbe & Åsa Johansson, 2017. "International tax planning, competition and market structure," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1358, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1358-en
    DOI: 10.1787/e9c35474-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Oguzhan Akgun & David Bartolini & Boris Cournède, 2017. "The capacity of governments to raise taxes," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1407, OECD Publishing.
    2. Pranvera Shehaj & Martin Zagler, 2023. "Motor Vehicle Registration Taxes (MVRT) across EU countries: MNEs’ profitability and the role of market concentration," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 155-198, August.
    3. Julio López Laborda & Jorge Onrubia, 2019. "Los retos de la fiscalidad societaria en la era de la economía digital: el estado de la cuestión," Policy Papers 2019-04, FEDEA.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    competition; corporate tax; multinational tax planning;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

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