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The effects of reform scenarios for unemployment benefits and social assistance on financial incentives to work and poverty in Lithuania

Author

Listed:
  • Jekaterina Navicke

    (Vilnius University)

  • Silvia Avram

    (University of Essex)

  • Lilas Demmou

    (OECD)

Abstract

In 2015 the Lithuanian government launched an ambitious Social Model reform agenda aimed at balancing flexibility of the labour market and security provided through the system of social protection. We simulate alternative scenarios for reforming the unemployment benefit and cash social assistance systems in Lithuania. We first analyse a reform of the social insurance unemployment benefit along the lines currently proposed by the Lithuanian authorities within the new “Social Model”. The social assistance reforms were left outside of the Social Model. However, social assistance, as currently designed, has strong negative effects on the work incentives of the recipients. We construct and consider several reform scenarios: extending the current system of in-work payments; establishing earnings disregards; and modifying the equivalence scale for family. We look at the effects of reforms on financial incentives to search and accept a vacancy as measured by the share of additional income that is taxed away through direct taxes, social insurance contributions or through benefit withdrawal when increasing labour supply (effective marginal tax rate). We also investigate the impact of reforms on poverty, income distribution as well as their first-order financial costs. We use microsimulation techniques applied to a representative sample of Lithuanian households. Our simulations are carried out using EUROMOD –a static tax-benefit microsimulation model developed for the European Union. The model uses micro-data from the 2012 Lithuanian component of the European Union-Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC). This Working Paper relates to the 2016 OECD Economic Survey of Lithuania (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-lithuania.htm). Les effets de différents scénarios de réforme des assurances chômage et aides sociales sur les incitations financières au travail et la pauvreté en Lituanie En 2015, le gouvernement Lituanien a lancé un programme de réforme ambitieux du modèle social visant à trouver un équilibre entre flexibilité de la législation du marché du travail et sécurité fournie par le système de protection sociale. Nous simulons des scénarios alternatifs de réformes des allocations d’assurance chômage et du régime d’aide sociale (allocations payées sous forme d’aide en liquidités) en Lituanie. Nous analysons d'abord les effets d’une réforme de l'allocation d'assurance chômage selon les lignes actuellement proposées par les autorités lituaniennes dans le cadre du nouveau « Modèle Social ». Ce nouveau modèle social ne prévoit pas de reformes de l'aide sociale. Toutefois, le régime d’aide sociale, tel qu'il est actuellement conçu, a des effets fortement négatifs sur les incitations au travail des bénéficiaires. Nous construisons et considérons plusieurs scénarios de réforme du régime d’aide social: une extension du système de prestations liées à l’exercice d’un emploi; la mise en place de mesures d’exemptions de rémunération; et une réforme du facteur d‘équivalence tenant compte de la taille des familles lors de l’octroi des allocations. Nous examinons les effets des réformes sur les incitations financières à rechercher et accepter un poste tel que mesuré par la part du revenu supplémentaire qui est effectivement imposé via les impôts directs, les cotisations d'assurance sociale ou par le retrait des prestations (taux effectif marginal d'imposition). Nous étudions également l'impact des réformes sur la pauvreté, la répartition des revenus ainsi que leurs coûts financiers (de premier tour). Nous utilisons des techniques de microsimulation appliqués à un échantillon représentatif des ménages lituaniens. Nos simulations sont effectuées à l'aide du modèle statique de micro-simulation des taxes et prestations sociales EUROMOD développé pour l'Union européenne. Le modèle utilise des micro-données tirées de l’enquête de l’Union Européenne sur les conditions de revenu et de vie (SILC) 2012. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Lituanie 2016 (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-lituanie.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Jekaterina Navicke & Silvia Avram & Lilas Demmou, 2016. "The effects of reform scenarios for unemployment benefits and social assistance on financial incentives to work and poverty in Lithuania," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1310, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1310-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlv2jmtmsmr-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Alari Paulus & Caroline Klein, 2019. "Effects of tax-benefit policies on the income distribution and work incentives in Estonia," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1570, OECD Publishing.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    aide sociale; Allocation d’assurance chômage; effective tax rate; in-work benefits; prestations liées à l'exercice d'un emploi; simulations; simulations; social assistance benefits; taux de taxation effective; unemployment benefits;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D04 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • D3 - Microeconomics - - Distribution
    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

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