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Factors behind the Decline in Real Long-Term Government Bond Yields

Author

Listed:
  • Romain Bouis

    (OECD)

  • Kei-Ichiro Inaba

    (OECD)

  • Łukasz Rawdanowicz

    (OECD)

  • Ane Kathrine Christensen

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper describes developments in real long-term interest rates in the main OECD economies and surveys their various determinants. Real long-term government bond yields declined from the 1980s to very low levels in the recent period, though they have not reached the historical lows of the 1970s. The decline in real interest rates has been driven by a combination of factors whose importance has varied over time. In the 1990s, the decline in inflation levels and in volatility was key. In the 2000s, purchases of US government bonds by official investors in emerging market economies, played an important role. More recently, quantitative easing and other unconventional monetary policy action, and possibly the Basel-III-induced increase in bank demand for safe assets, have been main drivers. Higher perceptions of risks after the last crisis do not seem to have put lasting downward pressures on government bond yields. Facteurs à l'origine de la baisse des rendements des obligations d'État à long terme Ce document décrit l’évolution des taux d’intérêt réels à long terme dans les principales économies de l’OCDE et en recense les différents facteurs déterminants. Les rendements réels des obligations d’État à long terme ont diminué à partir des années 80 pour s’établir récemment à des niveaux très peu élevés, sans toutefois atteindre les plus bas niveaux historiques des années 70. La baisse des taux d'intérêt réels est attribuable à une combinaison de facteurs dont l'importance a varié au fil du temps. Dans les années 90, la baisse de l’inflation et la volatilité ont été les principaux facteurs. Dans les années 2000, les achats d’obligations d’État américaines par les investisseurs officiels des économies de marché émergentes ont joué un rôle important. Plus récemment, ce sont l’assouplissement quantitatif ainsi que d'autres mesures non conventionnelles de politique monétaire, et potentiellement l'augmentation de la demande d’actifs sûrs de la part des établissements bancaires, induite par l’Accord de Bâle III, qui ont primé. La plus grande perception des risques depuis la dernière crise ne semble pas avoir durablement pesé sur les rendements des obligations d’État.

Suggested Citation

  • Romain Bouis & Kei-Ichiro Inaba & Łukasz Rawdanowicz & Ane Kathrine Christensen, 2014. "Factors behind the Decline in Real Long-Term Government Bond Yields," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1167, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1167-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxvgg7q1322-en
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    Cited by:

    1. repec:ecb:ecbops:2010161 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Šević, Aleksandar & Brawn, Derek, 2015. "Do demographic changes matter? A cross-country perspective," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 36-61.
    3. Łukasz Rawdanowicz & Romain Bouis & Kei-Ichiro Inaba & Ane Kathrine Christensen, 2014. "Secular Stagnation: Evidence and Implications for Economic Policy," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1169, OECD Publishing.
    4. Bindseil, Ulrich & Domnick, Clemens & Zeuner, Jörg, 2015. "Critique of accommodating central bank policies and the 'expropriation of the saver' - A review," Occasional Paper Series 161, European Central Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    accumulation des réserves de change; assouplissement quantitatif; foreign exchange reserve accumulation; government bond yields; monetary policy; politique monétaire; quantitative easing; real interest rates; rendements des obligations d’État; taux d’intérêt réels;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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