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The Effect of the Global Financial Crisis on OECD Potential Output

Author

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  • Patrice Ollivaud

    (OECD)

  • David Turner

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper estimates potential output losses from the global financial crisis by comparing recent OECD published projections with a counter-factual assuming a continuation of pre-crisis productivity trends and a trend employment rate which is sensitive to demographic trends. Among the 19 OECD countries which experienced a banking crisis over the period 2007-11, the median loss in potential output in 2014 is estimated to be 3¾ per cent, compared to 2¾ per cent among all OECD countries. The crisis hit does, however, vary widely across countries, being more than 10% for several smaller European, mainly euro area, countries. The largest adverse effects come from lower trend productivity, which is a combination of both lower total factor productivity and lower capital per worker. Despite large increases in structural unemployment in some countries, the contribution of lower potential employment to the crisis hit is limited because the adverse effect on labour force participation is generally much less than might have been expected on the basis of previous severe downturns. This may partly reflect pension reforms and a tightening up of early retirement pathways. Pre-crisis conditions relating to over-heating and financial excesses, including high inflation, high investment, large current account deficits, low real interest rates, high total economy indebtedness and more rapid growth in capital-per-worker are all correlated with larger post-crisis potential output losses. This suggests that underlying the potential output losses was a substantial misallocation of resources, especially of capital, in the pre-crisis boom period. On the other hand, more competition-friendly product market regulation is associated with smaller crisis-related losses of potential output, suggesting it facilitates a reallocation of resources across firms and sectors in the aftermath of an adverse shock and so helps to mitigate its consequences. Les conséquences de la crise financière mondiale sur la production potentielle de l'OCDE Cette étude propose une estimation des pertes de production potentielle liées à la crise financière mondiale en comparant les projections de l’OCDE publiées récemment avec une situation hypothétique où les tendances de la productivité observées avant la crise sont maintenues et où le taux d’emploi tendanciel dépend des tendances démographiques. Parmi les 19 pays de l’OCDE qui ont connu une crise bancaire durant la période 2007-2011, l’estimation de la perte médiane de potentiel de production atteint 3,75 pour cent en 2014, à comparer avec 2,75 pour cent pour tous les pays de l’OCDE. L’impact de la crise, cependant, varie beaucoup selon les pays, et dépasse 10% pour plusieurs petits pays européens, notamment dans la zone euro. L’effet négatif vient principalement d’une plus faible productivité tendancielle, combinaison d’une plus faible productivité totale des facteurs et d’un capital productif par travailleur inférieur. En dépit d’une augmentation conséquente du taux de chômage structurel dans plusieurs pays, la contribution de l’emploi potentiel à l’impact total de la crise est faible, notamment parce que l’effet négatif sur les taux d’activité a été en général beaucoup moins important que ce qui était attendu au vu des récessions précédentes. Cela traduit en partie les réformes passées sur les retraites et un resserrement des conditions de départ anticipé à la retraite. La surchauffe économique et les excès financiers, y compris une forte inflation, un investissement élevé, un déficit important de balance courante, un taux d’intérêt réel bas, un endettement important de l’ensemble de l’économie et enfin une croissance plus rapide du capital par travailleur, sont des conditions préalables corrélées à la perte de potentiel de production. Cela suggère que la source de ces pertes de potentiel réside dans une mauvaise répartition des ressources, et notamment de capital, dans la période de boom précédant la crise. Par ailleurs, une réglementation plus souple des marchés des produits est associée à des pertes moins importantes de potentiel de production liées à la crise, suggérant ainsi qu’elles améliorent la redistribution des ressources entre les firmes et les secteurs quand survient un choc négatif, et par conséquent, participent à limiter ses conséquences.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrice Ollivaud & David Turner, 2014. "The Effect of the Global Financial Crisis on OECD Potential Output," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1166, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1166-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwtl8h75bw-en
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    Keywords

    banking crisis; crise bancaire; crise financière; crise financière mondiale; financial crisis; global financial crisis; potential output; potentiel de production; production potentielle;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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