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Prudent versus Imprudent Lending to Africa: From debt relief to emerging lenders

Author

Listed:
  • Helmut Reisen

    (OECD)

  • Sokhna Ndoye

    (OECD)

Abstract

Over recent years, a number of emerging creditors have increased their aid and lending to Africa’s Low-Income Countries (LICs). This has fed worries that new official lenders may be undoing years of international efforts to rein in over-indebtedness in Africa, to reduce the continent’s exposure to foreign-currency denominated debt and to encourage good governance by making loans conditional on political and economic reforms. These worries are reflected in the G8 Action Plan for Good Financial Governance in Africa, which attempts to include emerging lenders in the DSF framework — the Joint Bank-Fund Debt Sustainability Framework. The empirical analysis of debt dynamics distinguishes three country groups: African HIPC, HIPC-China (High China Presence), and Resource-rich IDA-only. All groups display marked trends of lower debt ratios (in net present value terms, NPV), in most cases below debtdistress level for even the lowest governance groups. Evidence on links between growth and lending may even suggest that African HIPC are currently under-leveraged. Generally, there is very little evidence of “imprudent lending” to debt relief beneficiaries in the figures up to 2006. The Asian giants lower debt ratios a little through debt relief, but they do this even more through stimulating exports and growth. This holds in particular for those countries towards which their lending is mostly directed: the resource-rich countries, rather than the debt-relief beneficiaries. Ces dernières années, un certain nombre de créanciers émergents ont accru leurs aides et leurs prêts en faveur des pays d'Afrique à faible revenu (LIC). On s'est dès lors inquiété que ces nouveaux prêteurs officiels puissent défaire des années d'efforts internationaux dans le but de ralentir le surendettement en Afrique, réduire l'exposition du continent aux devises étrangères ainsi qu'à la dette en question et encourager une bonne gouvernance en faisant de sorte que les emprunts dépendent des réformes politiques et économiques. Ces inquiétudes transparaissent dans le plan d'action du G8 qui vise une bonne gouvernance financière et tente d'inclure ces nouveaux prêteurs dans le cadre du CSD : le « Cadre de soutenabilité de la dette du FMI et de la Banque Mondiale ». Malheureusement, la DSF n'a pas exactement le profil pour ce type de situation : elle encourage à indiquer dans une moindre mesure les nouveaux prêts, doit s'attacher à des indicateurs opaques de gouvernances diverses, ne parvient pas à atteindre les déterminants économiques généraux de la viabilité de la dette et n'arrive pas à prendre en considération les versements et les biens publics dans ses analyses sur la viabilité de la dette. L'analyse concrète des dynamiques de la dette distingue trois types de pays : les PPTE africains, les PPTE chinois (pays à forte présence chinoise) et les pays emprunteurs d'IDA uniquement riches en ressources. Tous affichent des tendances claires de faibles taux de dette (en termes de valeur actualisée nette, VAN) et se trouvent dans la plupart des cas, sous un niveau de détresse lié à la dette et cela même pour les pays issus du groupe aux plus faibles gouvernances. Cette indication sur des liens entre la croissance et les prêts semblerait même indiquer que les HIPC africains sont actuellement sous exploités. En général, il y a peu d'indications quant aux « prêts imprudents » sur les bénéficiaires de soulagement de la dette dans les chiffres allant jusqu'en 2006. Les géants asiatiques réduisent légèrement les taux de dette grâce à des soulagements de la dette, mais surtout grâce à une croissance et une exportation stimulée. Ceci vaut en particulier pour tous ces pays dont les prêts sont le plus souvent destinés aux pays riches en ressources que ceux bénéficiaires d'un soulagement de la dette.

Suggested Citation

  • Helmut Reisen & Sokhna Ndoye, 2008. "Prudent versus Imprudent Lending to Africa: From debt relief to emerging lenders," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 268, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:devaaa:268-en
    DOI: 10.1787/242613675043
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    1. Why a BRICS Development Bank?
      by Shifting Wealth in ShiftingWealth on 2013-04-20 22:14:00

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    Cited by:

    1. Jean Claude Berthélemy, 2011. "Working Paper 129 - China’s Engagement and Aid Effectiveness in Africa," Working Paper Series 295, African Development Bank.
    2. Frot, Emmanuel & Santiso, Javier, 2009. "Crushed Aid: Fragmentation in Sectoral Aid," SITE Working Paper Series 6, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics.
    3. Kohnert, Dirk, 2008. "EU-African Economic Relations: Continuing Dominance, Traded for Aid?," MPRA Paper 9434, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Ugo PANIZZA, 2015. "Debt Sustainability in Low-Income Countries - The Grants versus Loans Debate in a World without Crystal Balls," Working Papers P120, FERDI.
    5. Emmanuel Frot & Javier Santiso, 2011. "Herding in Aid Allocation," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(1), pages 54-74, February.
    6. Cordella, Tito & Missale, Alessandro, 2013. "To give or to forgive? Aid versus debt relief," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 504-528.
    7. Peter Nunnenkamp & Rainer Thiele, 2013. "Financing for Development: The Gap between Words and Deeds since Monterrey," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 31(1), pages 75-98, January.
    8. Megersa, kelbesa & Cassimon, Danny, 2016. "Debt Sustainability and direction of trade: What does Africa’s shifting engagement with BRIC and OECD tells us?," MPRA Paper 76581, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Marson, Marta & Savin, Ivan, 2022. "Complementary or adverse? Comparing development results of official funding from China and traditional donors in Africa," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 189-206.
    10. Emmanuel Frot & Javier Santiso, 2008. "Development Aid and Portfolio Funds: Trends, Volatility and Fragmentation," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 275, OECD Publishing.
    11. Deborah Bräutigam, 2010. "Working Paper 107 - China, Africa and the International Aid Architecture," Working Paper Series 244, African Development Bank.
    12. Theodore Ahlers & Hiroshi Kato & Harinder S. Kohli & Callisto Madavo & Anil Sood (ed.), 2014. "Africa 2050: Realizing the Continent's Full Potential," Books, Emerging Markets Forum, edition 1, number africa2050, May.
    13. Israel Nyaburi Nyadera & Billy Agwanda & Michael Otieno Kisaka, 2020. "Beyond the Yuan: Rethinking China’s Attractiveness to Africa," China Report, , vol. 56(4), pages 429-446, November.
    14. Yongzheng Yang & Miss Nkunde Mwase, 2012. "BRICs’ Philosophies for Development Financing and their Implications for LICs," IMF Working Papers 2012/074, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Jean-Marc Fournier & Manuel Bétin, 2018. "Limits to government debt sustainability in middle-income countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1493, OECD Publishing.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    allègement de la dette; debt; debt relief; dette;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid

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