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Measuring the Intensity of Competition in Export Markets

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Author Info
Pinelopi K. Goldberg
Michael M. Knetter

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Abstract

This paper develops an approach to measuring the intensity of competition in international markets. The method measures the degree of 'outside' competition faced by exporters located in one source country from firms located outside the source country. We use the elasticity of price and quantity to exchange rate shocks, which shift the relative costs of producers from a particular source country, to calculate our measure of outside competition. The measures are estimated using panel data on exports of U.S. linerboard and German beer to a variety of destination markets. The destination-specific panel data allow comparisons of outside competition across destination markets.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 5226.

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Date of creation: Aug 1995
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:5226

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Michael M. Knetter, 1995. "Pricing To Market In Response To Unobservable And Observable Shocks," International Economic Journal, Korean International Economic Association, vol. 9(2), pages 1-25, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. repec:fth:michin:337 is not listed on IDEAS
  3. Kasa, Kenneth, 1992. "Adjustment costs and pricing-to-market theory and evidence," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1-2), pages 1-30, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Knetter, Michael M, 1989. "Price Discrimination by U.S. and German Exporters," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 198-210, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Giovannini, Alberto, 1988. "Exchange rates and traded goods prices," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(1-2), pages 45-68, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Feenstra, Robert C., 1989. "Symmetric pass-through of tariffs and exchange rates under imperfect competition: An empirical test," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(1-2), pages 25-45, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, 1995. "Product Differentiation and Oligopoly in International Markets: The Case of the U.S. Automobile Industry," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 63(4), pages 891-951, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Saxonhouse, Gary R, 1993. "What Does Japanese Trade Structure Tell Us about Japanese Trade Policy?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 7(3), pages 21-43, Summer. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Feenstra, R.C. & Gagnon, J.E. & Knetter, M.M., 1993. "Market Share and Exchange Rate Pass-Through in World Automobile Trade," Papers 93-14, California Davis - Institute of Governmental Affairs.
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  10. Kravis, Irving B & Lipsey, Robert E, 1977. "Export Prices and the Transmission of Inflation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(1), pages 155-63, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Bresnahan, Timothy F., 1989. "Empirical studies of industries with market power," Handbook of Industrial Organization, in: R. Schmalensee & R. Willig (ed.), Handbook of Industrial Organization, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 17, pages 1011-1057 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Dornbusch, Rudiger, 1987. "Exchange Rates and Prices," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(1), pages 93-106, March.
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  13. Hall, Robert E, 1988. "The Relation between Price and Marginal Cost in U.S. Industry," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 96(5), pages 921-47, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Marston, Richard C., 1990. "Pricing to market in Japanese manufacturing," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(3-4), pages 217-236, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Froot, Kenneth A & Klemperer, Paul D, 1989. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Market Share Matters," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 637-54, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Yang, Jiawen, 1995. "Exchange rate pass-through in the U.S. market: A cross-country and cross-product investigation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 353-371. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Saxonhouse, G.R., 1993. "What Does Japanese Trade Structure Tell Us about Japanese Trade Policy?," Working Papers 337, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan.
  18. Isard, Peter, 1977. "How Far Can We Push the "Law of One Price"?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(5), pages 942-48, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Aw, Bee-Yan, 1993. "Price discrimination and markups in export markets," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 315-336, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Gagnon, Joseph E. & Knetter, Michael M., 1995. "Markup adjustment and exchange rate fluctuations: evidence from panel data on automobile exports," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 289-310, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Pinelopi K. Goldberg & Michael M. Knetter, 1996. "Goods Prices and Exchange Rates: What Have We Learned?," NBER Working Papers 5862, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Catherine Y. Co, 2007. "Factors That Account for the Large Variations in U.S. Export Prices," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 143(3), pages 557-582, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Cho, Guedae & Jin, Hyun J. & Koo, Won W., 2002. "Measuring The Market Power Of The U.S. Wheat Exporters In Asian Countries: An Issue About Adjustment Of Nominal Exchange Rate When Using As A Cost Shifter; The Competitiveness Of The U.S. Wheat Export," 2002 Annual meeting, July 28-31, Long Beach, CA 19885, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). [Downloadable!]
  4. Ricardo Aláez Aller & Ana Fernández Sáinz & Begoña García Sáenz, 2002. "Precios relativos y exportaciones manufactureras españolas: ¿explotan las empresas industriales una cadena de valor multinacional?," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 29(2 Year 20), pages 191-209, December. [Downloadable!]
  5. Deborah L. Swenson, 2004. "Overseas Assembly and Country Sourcing Choices," NBER Working Papers 10697, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Song, Baohui & Marchant, Mary A. & Xu, Shuang, 2006. "Who Dominates Market Power for U.S.-China Soybean Trade?," 2006 Annual Meeting, February 5-8, 2006, Orlando, Florida 35407, Southern Agricultural Economics Association. [Downloadable!]
  7. Sergio de Nardis & Cristina Pensa, 2004. "How intense is Competition in International Markets of Traditional goods?," ISAE Working Papers 45, ISAE - Institute for Studies and Economic Analyses - (Rome, ITALY). [Downloadable!]
  8. Charles Engel, 2005. "Equivalence Results for Optimal Pass-Through, Optimal Indexing to Exchange Rates, and Optimal Choice of Currency for Export Pricing," NBER Working Papers 11209, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Mulik, Kranti & Crespi, John, 2004. "Geographical Indications and the Trade Related Property Rights Agreement: A Case Study of Basmati Rice Exports," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 20365, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). [Downloadable!]
  10. Carter, Colin A. & MacLaren, Donald & Yilmaz, Alper, 1999. "How Competitive Is The World Wheat Market?," Working Papers 11973, University of California, Davis, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics. [Downloadable!]
  11. Charles Engel, 2004. "On the Relationship between Pass-Through and Sticky Nominal Prices," Working Papers 112004, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research. [Downloadable!]
  12. Sushanta Mallick & Helena Marques, 2007. "Pass-through of Exchange Rate and Tariffs into Import Prices of India: Currency Depreciation versus Import Liberalisation," Working Papers 3, Queen Mary, University of London, School of Business and Management, Centre for Globalisation Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  13. Cory S. Capps & David Dranove & Shane Greenstein & Mark Satterthwaite, 2001. "The Silent Majority Fallacy of the Elzinga-Hogarty Criteria: A Critique and New Approach to Analyzing Hospital Mergers," NBER Working Papers 8216, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Crespi, John M. & Chacon, Adriana, 2002. "Do U.S. Marketing Orders Have Much Market Power? An Examination Of The Almond Board Of California," 2002 Annual meeting, July 28-31, Long Beach, CA 19888, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association). [Downloadable!]
  15. Martin Falk & Rahel Falk, 2000. "Pricing to Market of German Exporters: Evidence from Panel Data," Empirica, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 21-46, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  16. Rebecca Hellerstein, 2004. "Who Bears the Cost of a Change in the Exchange Rate?," Econometric Society 2004 North American Summer Meetings 589, Econometric Society. [Downloadable!]
  17. Pinelopi Koujianou Goldbe & Frank Verboven, 1998. "The Evolution of Price Dispersion in the European Car Market," NBER Working Papers 6818, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  18. Boone, J., 2000. "Competition," Discussion Paper 104, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  19. Borin, Alessandro & Lamieri, Marco, 2007. "Estimating Product Quality in International Trade," MPRA Paper 14678, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  20. Zhang, Qiang & Reed, Michael & Saghaian, Sayed, 2007. "Export Market Pricing Decisions and Market Power in World Grain Markets: A Duopoly Model for Soybeans," 2007 Annual Meeting, February 4-7, 2007, Mobile, Alabama 34949, Southern Agricultural Economics Association. [Downloadable!]
  21. Devereux, Michael B & Engel, Charles M & Storgaard, Peter Ejler, 2002. "Endogenous Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Nominal Prices Are Set in Advance," CEPR Discussion Papers 3608, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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