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Controverses autour de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets

Author

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  • André Meunié

    (GED, Université Montesquieu-Bordeaux IV)

Abstract

La multiplication des dégradations écologiques est à l'origine d'un renouvellement profond des débats sur les liens qu'entretiennent croissance et développement. Au début des années 1990, plusieurs études empiriques ont constaté l'existence d'une courbe en cloche entre divers indices de pollution et le niveau de revenu par tête. Ces auteurs lui attribuèrent le nom de « courbe environnementale de Kuznets » à cause de la similitude avec les résultats des travaux de ce dernier. Au-delà d'un certain niveau de richesse, la croissance économique s'accompagnerait d'une amélioration de l'état de l'environnement. Une stratégie économique soutenable consisterait alors à atteindre dans les meilleurs délais ce seuil pour ensuite continuer à s'enrichir « proprement ». Cependant, non seulement cette courbe n'est décelée que pour quelques polluants aux effets localisés, mais même dans ce cas, de nombreuses critiques méthodologiques fragilisent la portée de ces résultats. Il est donc abusif de vouloir en faire un fait stylisé du développement et d'autres voies de recherche doivent être explorées. The growing consciousness about environmental problem has renovated deeply the debate on the relations between economic growth and development. At the beginning of the 1990's, some empirical studies have brought to light the existence of an inverted U-shape relation between various environmental indicators and the level of income per capita. This phenomenon has been called the « environmental Kuznets curve » because of the similarity with the findings of this author about the links between social inequalities and per capita income. When a country is rich enough, the environmental damages begin to decline with income growth. So a sustainable strategy of development could be to reach this « turning point » as fast as possible. However, those results are extremely fragile. It seems that we can support the EKC hypothesis only for few pollutants with local impacts. But, even in this case, we will explain that a lot of methodology criticisms arise. In no way the EKC can be thought as a stylised fact of the development and other directions must be explore. (Full text in french)

Suggested Citation

  • André Meunié, 2004. "Controverses autour de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets," Documents de travail 107, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
  • Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:107
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    Citations

    Blog mentions

    As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
    1. Télé propagande : la terre vue du ciel de l’écologie
      by Jean Dubois in Tanstaafl-fr on 2007-07-06 16:46:00

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    Cited by:

    1. Jérôme Trotignon, 2012. "Les émissions de CO2 du Brésil - L'impact du secteur UTCATF (usage des terres, changement d'affectation des terres et foresterie)," Working Papers halshs-00746524, HAL.
    2. Marie Sophie Hervieux & Olivier Darné, 2016. "Production and consumption-based approaches for the environmental Kuznets curve using ecological footprint," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(3), pages 318-334, September.
    3. Iritié, Bi Goli Jean Jacques, 2015. "Economic growth and biodiversity: An overview. Conservation policies in Africa," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 8(2), pages 196-208.
    4. Jérôme Trotignon, 2012. "Les émissions de CO2 du Brésil- L’impact du secteur UTCATF (usage des terres, changement d’affectation des terres et foresterie)," Working Papers 1232, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon.
    5. Iritie, Jean-Jacques, 2015. "Economic Growth, Biodiversity and Conservation Policies in Africa: an Overview," MPRA Paper 62005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. André MEUNIE & Guillaume POUYANNE, 2007. "Is there an Environmental Urban Kuznets Curve? The case of polluting emissions due to daily mobility in 37 cities. (In French)," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2007-04, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

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