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Além da Informalidade: Entendendo como os Fiscais e Agentes de Desenvolvimento Promovem a Formalização o Crescimento de Pequenas e Médias Empresas

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Author Info
Mansueto Almeida
Abstract

Na maioria dos países em desenvolvimento, o número de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) no setor informal tem crescido continuamente na última década em conseqüência do excesso de regulação e da crescente concorrência internacional. Hoje, nesses locais, o grande desafio para formuladores de políticas e agentes de desenvolvimento é conciliar o crescimento econômico com as normas legais. Por um lado, tanto o governo quanto os agentes não-governamentais argumentam que o crescimento econômico de pequenas empresas é importante para aumentar o emprego e reduzir a pobreza, e que assim essas firmas devem ser isentas de várias normas legais. Por outro lado, alguns governos restringem o trabalho dos encarregados por lei de fiscalizar as micros, pequenas e médias empresas, por receio de serem acusados de impedir o desenvolvimento local, quando essas empresas não conseguem arcar com os custos gerados pelo cumprimento das normas. Embora não exista uma solução simples para esse dilema, acreditamos que ela se encontra entre esses extremos. Este artigo mostra como o governo teve sucesso na promoção do crescimento de empresas, atuando em conformidade com a lei, em três arranjos produtivos locais (APLs), famosos pelo não cumprimento da legislação fiscal, trabalhista e ambiental. In most developing countries, small and medium firms in the informal sector have grown steadily over the last decade as a consequence of regulation and increasing international competition. In these places, the great challenge for policymakers and economic-development practitioners today is how to reconcile economic growth with legal standards. On the one hand, government and non-government practitioners claim that small firms’ economic growth is important to increase employment and reduce poverty and, therefore, these firms must be given especial relief from the legislation. On the other hand, law enforcers usually face a dilemma of making small and medium firms comply with the law and bear the risk of being accused of hindering the local development, when these firms are not able to face the burden of meeting law standards. Although there is no simple solution to this dilemma, I believe that the solution to this dilemma lies halfway between these two extremes. This paper show how the government succeeded in putting together local economic growth and standards in three industrial clusters famous by firms’ non-compliance with labor, tax and environmental legislation.

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Paper provided by Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA in its series Discussion Papers with number 1353.

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Length: 48 pages
Date of creation: Aug 2008
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Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1353

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