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The Global FDI Network: Searching for Ultimate Investors

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  • Jannick Damgaard
  • Thomas Elkjaer

Abstract

This paper addresses three types of geographical decoupling in foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e., challenges when using traditional FDI data as a proxy for real economic integration between economies: (i) large bilateral asymmetries between inward and outward FDI, (ii) the role of special purpose entities (SPEs), and (iii) the effect of moving from immediate counterpart to ultimate investing economy (UIE). A unique global FDI network is estimated, where SPEs are removed and FDI positions are broken down by the UIE. Total inward FDI in the new network is reduced by one-third, and financial centers are less dominant.

Suggested Citation

  • Jannick Damgaard & Thomas Elkjaer, 2017. "The Global FDI Network: Searching for Ultimate Investors," IMF Working Papers 2017/258, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2017/258
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Petr Janský & Miroslav Palanský, 2019. "Estimating the scale of profit shifting and tax revenue losses related to foreign direct investment," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 26(5), pages 1048-1103, October.
    2. Beer,Sebastian & Loeprick,Jan, 2018. "The Cost and Benefits of Tax Treaties with Investment Hubs : Findings from Sub-Saharan Africa," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8623, The World Bank.
    3. Cerutti, Eugenio & Casanova, Catherine & Pradhan, Swapan-Kumar, 2023. "Banking across borders: Are Chinese banks different?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    4. I. P. Gurova, 2020. "Offshore Investment in the Russian Economy," Studies on Russian Economic Development, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 449-456, July.
    5. Agust n S. B n trix & Hayley Pallan & Ugo Panizza, 2022. "The Elusive Link Between FDI and Economic Growth," Trinity Economics Papers tep0722, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
    6. Siranova, Maria & Tiruneh, Menbere Workie & Fisera, Boris, 2021. "Creating the illicit capital flows network in Europe – Do the net errors and omissions follow an economic pattern?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 955-973.
    7. Mike Seiferling, 2020. "Apples, oranges and lemons: public sector debt statistics in the 21st century," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-17, December.
    8. Bruno Casella, . "Looking through conduit FDI in search of ultimate investors – a probabilistic approach," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    9. Kentor, Jeffrey & Clark, Rob & Jorgenson, Andrew, 2023. "The hidden cost of global economic integration: How foreign investment drives military expenditures," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    10. Yeboah, Samuel, 2023. "Navigating Global Markets: The Impact of FDI on Startups' Access to Insights, Networks, and Brand Visibility," MPRA Paper 118434, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Aug 2023.
    11. Kellard, Neil M. & Kontonikas, Alexandros & Lamla, Michael J. & Maiani, Stefano & Wood, Geoffrey, 2022. "Risk, financial stability and FDI," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    12. Casella, Bruno, 2019. "Looking through conduit FDI in search of ultimate investors – a probabilistic approach," MPRA Paper 95188, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Sanchez Pacheco, André, 2022. "A consolidated-by-nationality approach to Irish foreign exposure," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 235-247.
    14. Joseph P. Joyce, 2021. "The sources of international investment income in emerging market economies," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 606-625, August.
    15. Petr Janský & Jan Láznička & Miroslav Palanský, 2021. "Tax treaties worldwide: Estimating elasticities and revenue foregone," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 359-401, May.
    16. Yeboah, Samuel, 2023. "Navigating Global Markets: The Impact of FDI on Startups' Access to Insights, Networks, and Brand Visibility," MPRA Paper 118437, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Aug 2023.
    17. Nadia Accoto & Giacomo Oddo, 2023. "Looking beyond the curtain: pass-through capital and round-tripping in Italy's foreign direct investment," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 762, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    18. Wier, Ludvig, 2020. "Tax-motivated transfer mispricing in South Africa: Direct evidence using transaction data," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    19. Amat Adarov, 2021. "Interactions Between Global Value Chains and Foreign Direct Investment: A Network Approach," wiiw Working Papers 204, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    20. Casella, Bruno, 2019. "FDI Statistics and International Production: Towards (Re-) Conciliation?," MPRA Paper 95203, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 14 May 2019.
    21. Richard Bolwijn & Bruno Casella & Davide Rigo, . "An FDI-driven approach to measuring the scale and economic impact of BEPS," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    22. Sebastian Beer & Jan Loeprick, 2021. "Too high a price? Tax treaties with investment hubs in Sub-Saharan Africa," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 28(1), pages 113-153, February.

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