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Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Mr. Ruben V Atoyan
  • Lone Engbo Christiansen
  • Allan Dizioli
  • Mr. Christian H Ebeke
  • Mr. Nadeem Ilahi
  • Ms. Anna Ilyina
  • Mr. Gil Mehrez
  • Mr. Haonan Qu
  • Ms. Faezeh Raei
  • Ms. Alaina P Rhee
  • Ms. Daria V Zakharova

Abstract

This paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries’ growth and income convergence to advanced Europe. While emigration has likely benefited migrants themselves, the receiving countries and the EU as a whole, its impact on sending countries’ economies has been largely negative. The analysis suggests that labor outflows, particularly of skilled workers, lowered productivity growth, pushed up wages, and slowed growth and income convergence. At the same time, while remittance inflows supported financial deepening, consumption and investment in some countries, they also reduced incentives to work and led to exchange rate appreciations, eroding competiveness. The departure of the young also added to the fiscal pressures of already aging populations in Eastern Europe. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for sending countries to mitigate the negative impact of emigration on their economies, and the EU-wide initiatives that could support these efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Mr. Ruben V Atoyan & Lone Engbo Christiansen & Allan Dizioli & Mr. Christian H Ebeke & Mr. Nadeem Ilahi & Ms. Anna Ilyina & Mr. Gil Mehrez & Mr. Haonan Qu & Ms. Faezeh Raei & Ms. Alaina P Rhee & Ms. D, 2016. "Emigration and Its Economic Impact on Eastern Europe," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2016/007, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfsdn:2016/007
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Elisabeth Christen & Sandra Bilek-Steindl & Christian Glocker & Harald Oberhofer, 2017. "Österreich 2025 – Österreichs Wettbewerbsposition und Exportpotentiale auf ausgewählten Zukunftsmärkten," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 90(1), pages 83-95, January.
    2. Babucea Ana-Gabriela, 2016. "Analysis Of The Temporary Emigration At The Level Of South - West Oltenia Region Of Romania - Study Of Case: The Young Adult," Annals - Economy Series, Constantin Brancusi University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1, pages 13-18, December.
    3. John Moffat & Duncan Roth, 2017. "Cohort size and youth labour-market outcomes in Europe," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(4), pages 2735-2740.
    4. Agustin Velasquez & Svetlana Vtyurina, 2019. "How Does Taxation Affect Hours Worked in EU New Member States?," IMF Working Papers 2019/130, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Christian Alexander Belabed & Mariya Hake, 2018. "Income inequality and trust in national governments in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe," Working Papers 222, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
    6. Simionescu Mihaela, 2018. "The Impact of European Economic Integration on Migration in the European Union," HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration, Sciendo, vol. 9(1), pages 23-34, May.
    7. Mihaela Simionescu & Yuriy Bilan & Grzegorz Mentel, 2017. "Economic Effects of Migration from Poland to the UK," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 19(46), pages 757-757, August.
    8. Beáta Siskáné Szilasi & Levente Halász, 2018. "Reasons and Characteristics of the Dynamizing Emigration Intention of the Hungarian Youth," Eastern European Business and Economics Journal, Eastern European Business and Economics Studies Centre, vol. 4(1 - speci), pages 79-96.
    9. Alina Daniela Vodă & Loredana Andreea Cristea, 2018. "Economic And Fiscal Implications In The Post-Crisis Period," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(2), pages 75-83, December.
    10. Daniela Bobeva & Dimitar Zlatinov & Eduard Marinov, 2019. "Economic Aspects of Migration Processes in Bulgaria," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 5, pages 55-88.
    11. Hilmar Þór Hilmarsson, 2021. "How Can Ukraine Achieve Internal and External Stability and Sustainable Growth?," Journal of Applied Management and Investments, Department of Business Administration and Corporate Security, International Humanitarian University, vol. 10(1), pages 21-30, April.
    12. Anna Katharina Raggl, 2017. "Migration intentions in CESEE – a descriptive analysis," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/17, pages 52-69.
    13. Mr. Alberto Behar & Ramin Hassan, 2022. "The Current Account Income Balance: External Adjustment Channel or Vulnerability Amplifier?," IMF Working Papers 2022/106, International Monetary Fund.
    14. Gábor Márk Pellényi, 2020. "The Role of Central and Eastern Europe in Global Value Chains: Evidence from Occupation-Level Employment Data," European Economy - Economic Briefs 062, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    15. Fackler, Thomas A. & Giesing, Yvonne & Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya, 2020. "Knowledge remittances: Does emigration foster innovation?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(9).
    16. Bonin, Holger & Krause-Pilatus, Annabelle & Rinne, Ulf & Brücker, Herbert, 2020. "Wirtschaftliche Effekte der EU-Arbeitskräftemobilität in den Ziel- und Herkunftsländern," IZA Research Reports 102, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Anna Katharina Raggl, 2019. "Migration intentions in CESEE: sociodemographic profiles of prospective emigrants and their motives for moving," Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q1/19, pages 49-67.
    18. Franc Sanja & Časni Anita Čeh & Barišić Antea, 2019. "Determinants of Migration Following the EU Enlargement: A Panel Data Analysis," South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 14(2), pages 13-22, December.
    19. Siyka Kovacheva & Boris Popivanov & Marin Burcea, 2019. "(Self-)Reflecting on International Recruitment: Views on the Role of Recruiting Agencies in Bulgaria and Romania," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(4), pages 49-59.
    20. Anca Mehedintu & Georgeta Soava & Mihaela Sterpu, 2019. "Remittances, Migration and Gross Domestic Product from Romania’s Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-19, December.
    21. Mr. Christian H Ebeke & Jan-Martin Frie & Louise Rabier, 2019. "Deepening the EU’s Single Market for Services," IMF Working Papers 2019/269, International Monetary Fund.
    22. Qiantao A. Zhang & Brian M. Lucey, 2019. "Globalisation, the Mobility of Skilled Workers, and Economic Growth: Constructing a Novel Brain Drain/Gain Index for European Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 10(4), pages 1620-1642, December.
    23. Gereben, Áron & Wruuck, Patricia, 2021. "Towards a new growth model in CESEE: Convergence and competitiveness through smart, green and inclusive investment," EIB Working Papers 2021/01, European Investment Bank (EIB).

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