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¿Por qué allí?: Los motivos por los que promotores privados de vivienda social construyen en las periferias de las ciudades de América Latina

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  • Libertun de Duren, Nora Ruth

Abstract

A lo largo de seis decenios, el déficit de vivienda adecuada en las ciudades de América Latina se ha tornado endémico. Lo único que ha cambiado ha sido quién va adónde. En la década de los años 1960, los pobres de las zonas rurales que llegaban a la ciudad resolvían sus necesidades de vivienda mediante la construcción de sus propios asentamientos informales en tierras periurbanas. Hoy en día, los pobres urbanos se trasladan a complejos urbanos periurbanos construidos por el sector privado con subsidios estatales. ¿Por qué estas nuevas unidades de vivienda para hogares de bajos ingresos se han construido allí? En este informe se examinan algunos de los mecanismos subyacentes relativos a la ubicación de los pobres urbanos en las ciudades. Específicamente se ausculta el papel que los urbanizadores han venido desempeñando en la construcción de vivienda de bajo costo en áreas periurbanas de Brasil y México. Estos mecanismos se exploran a través de entrevistas a urbanizadores de vivienda asequible a partir de las cuales se concluye que son las economías de escala, y no los precios de la tierra, lo que explica la preferencia de los urbanizadores por construir en áreas periféricas. En realidad, los ahorros iniciales que estos obtienen por el menor precio de los terrenos en la periferia se diluyen cuando se considera el costo que implica tener que construir allí infraestructura básica. Por otro lado, la disponibilidad de amplias superficies de terreno —que se encuentran casi exclusivamente en la periferia— sí permite a los urbanizadores lograr un ahorro significativo de costos dado que en ellas se pueden construir más de 500 unidades. Además, la existencia de unas regulaciones municipales más débiles y de un número reducido de participantes en las licitaciones —ambos factores comunes en proyectos ubicados en zonas periféricas de difícil acceso—, facilitan un proceso de aprobación para estos grandes proyectos de vivienda.

Suggested Citation

  • Libertun de Duren, Nora Ruth, 2017. "¿Por qué allí?: Los motivos por los que promotores privados de vivienda social construyen en las periferias de las ciudades de América Latina," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 8705, Inter-American Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:brikps:8705
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. César Patricio Bouillon (ed.), 2012. "Room for Development," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-137-03146-4.
    2. Nora Libertun De Duren, 2006. "Planning à la Carte: The Location Patterns of Gated Communities around Buenos Aires in a Decentralized Planning Context," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 308-327, June.
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    4. Claudia Murray & David Clapham, 2015. "Housing policies in Latin America: overview of the four largest economies," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 347-364, July.
    5. Claudia Murray & David Clapham, 2015. "Housing policies in Latin America: overview of the four largest economies," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 347-364, July.
    6. César M. Fuentes & Vladimir Hernandez, 2014. "Housing finance reform in Mexico: the impact of housing vacancy on property crime," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 368-388, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Baird-Zars, Bernadette, 2023. "Making the ropes: How daily practices in a booming periurban municipality become durable 'gray' institutions shaping land use," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).

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