French Female Managers from North African origin: an integration "à la française"

The integration process of migrants from a different culture is an important subject in developed countries, especially in France. Due to its colonial past, France has welcomed many workers from North Africa since the 60s. This first generation was composed of non-skilled workers who occupied jobs mostly in the industrial sector. This immigration was supposed to be temporary and the immigrants, mostly men, were not supposed to become French let alone be integrated in French society. However, after several years, most of these workers arranged the immigration of their spouses and founded households in France. This settlement was not really anticipated in France and from the early 80s onward, the integration of those new French citizens became a political priority. In our research, we assumed that the integration of the second generation of French North African immigrants can be compared with one that was the subject of a previous study we conducted: a study of the integration of female managers in the Gulf. After various reforms by local Governments it had become easier for women to raise in the social scale in those countries (Lacheret, 2020; Lacheret and Farooq, 2021).