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Efficacité et limites d'une taxe sur les engrais azotés : éléments d'analyse à partir de seize pays européens

Author

Listed:
  • François Bel

    (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Gérard Drouet d'Aubigny

    (Inconnu)

  • Anne Marie A. M. Lacroix

    (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Amedee Mollard

    (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

En Europe, les formes actuelles de contrôle de la pollution azotée diffuse reposent encore sur la réglementation, malgré un bilan mitigé de ce mode de régulation. L'application d'autres instruments réputés plus efficaces, telle la taxation des engrais azotés, est controversée parmi les économistes qui divergent sur l'élasticité-prix de leur demande et donc sur la diminution attendue des quantités d'engrais. Une telle taxe a déjà été appliquée dans quatre pays européens et il semble utile d'en faire un bilan comparatif avec les autres pays. Dans cet objectif, après avoir présenté les expériences de taxation existantes, l'article présente tout d'abord une analyse par la statistique descriptive, puis une approche économétrique des facteurs explicatifs de la consommation d'engrais azotés. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence : l'absence d'effet structurel de la taxation ; la très faible influence du prix de l'engrais azoté sur l'évolution de sa consommation, relativement à celui des pesticides ou des produits agricoles ; le rôle significatif de l'accroissement des rendements et de l'extension des cultures par rapport aux prairies, éléments d'un processus plus général d'intensification de l'agriculture, cohérent avec la politique des prix agricoles de la période analysée.

Suggested Citation

  • François Bel & Gérard Drouet d'Aubigny & Anne Marie A. M. Lacroix & Amedee Mollard, 2004. "Efficacité et limites d'une taxe sur les engrais azotés : éléments d'analyse à partir de seize pays européens," Post-Print hal-02670392, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02670392
    DOI: 10.3917/ecop.166.0099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thierry Lavoux & David Baldock, 1992. "L'application du principe pollueur-payeur en agriculture," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 208(1), pages 61-65.
    2. Fabrice Levert & Hervé Guyomard & Alexandre Gohin, 2003. "Impacts économiques d’une réduction des utilisations agricoles des engrais minéraux en France : une analyse en équilibre général," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 157(1), pages 13-30.
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    Cited by:

    1. S. Gorohouna & N. Keurmeur & C. Ris & O. Sudrie, 2018. "Vers un "verdissement" de la fiscalité et des subventions publique en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Phase IV. Evaluation des propositions de verdissement de la fiscalité et des subventions," Working Papers hal-03379256, HAL.
    2. François Destandau & Elsa Martin & Anne Rozan, 2011. "Potential of artificial wetlands for removing pesticides from water in a cost-effective framework," INRA UMR CESAER Working Papers 2011/5, INRA UMR CESAER, Centre d'’Economie et Sociologie appliquées à l'’Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux.

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