IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/grc/wpaper/15-03.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

La contribution de l'école privée au Québec à la littératie et à la numératie des 15 ans : une analyse par effets de traitement
[The Contribution of the Private School System in Québec to Literacy and Numeracy Skills of 15-Year-Olds: Treatment-Effects Estimation from 2000-2012 PISA Observational Data Sets]

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre Lefebvre

    (Department of Economics, University of Quebec in Montreal)

Abstract

(in French) Les élèves québécois au niveau secondaire sont considérés comme relativement performants sur la base de la moyenne générale obtenue aux tests internationaux (math, lecture, sciences) PISA. Cependant, il est peu connu que les scores des élèves du secteur privé, fortement présents à l'école secondaire, augmentent considérablement les moyennes rapportées. Néanmoins, une école avec des scores élevés à des tests standardisés peut être une école où les étudiants viennent de milieux très avantagés ou encore sont sélectionnés sur la base de leurs aptitudes ou classe sociale. L'impact de la non-randomisation sur l'estimation d'un effet de traitement pose des défis analytiques comme les biais de sélection, de causalité ou de recrutement qu'il faut réduire et neutraliser. Sur la base des cinq enquêtes PISA (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 20012), quatre types d'estimateur économétrique d'appariement pour évaluer l'effet causal de traitement de l'école privée sont calculés. L'analyse conduit aussi à un exercice de falsification avec tous les élèves ontariens comme groupe non traité relativement aux élèves québécois en secondaire IV du secteur public ou du secteur privé. Les résultats suggèrent que la minorité importante des élèves qui fréquentent l'école privée au secondaire explique en partie la performance supérieure du Québec aux tests PISA, tant dans les écoles privées que publiques (par effet de concurrence). Selon les estimés plus conservateurs, l'école privée ajoute approximativement une année d'études en termes des scores de lecture et math. De façon plus importante, pour le développement du capital humain, les résultats soutiennent l'existence d'un effet causal important de l'école privée sur les niveaux (hiérarchie) mesurés des compétences par PISA. Abstract (in English, working paper is in French) Québec's students at the secondary level have always been considered as a relatively performing group on the basis of their mean scores in international skills tests (reading, math, sciences) such as PISA, and TIMSS. It is less known that students' performance in private schools, where a significant proportion are enrolled at the secondary level, raise substantially the reported mean scores. Nonetheless, a school with high standardized scores may be an institution where students come from a much advantaged background or are selected on the basis of their abilities or social class. The impact of non-randomness for the estimation of a treatment effect poses analytical challenges like bias related to selection, causality, or recruitment that must be reduced or neutralized. There are many categories of estimators that can be implemented to assess a non-random policy/intervention based on models for both the outcome variable and the treatment assignment, while taking into consideration the selection bias. We use rich student-level micro data from five (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and four types of estimators to estimate the impact of private schools on student performance in reading, math, and sciences. The analysis also conducts a falsification exercise with students from Ontario as a control group relative to Québec's students in the private or public sector. Results suggest that the large minority of students attending private schools at the secondary level largely explains the higher PISA scores of Québec over the years, as well as the scores in the public sector (due to external effects from school competition). According to the more conservative treatment effects, private schools add approximately one year of study in reading and math scores. Results highlight the major importance of increased 'knowledge capital' by the private sector, that is proficiency scales in cognitive skills. The characteristics of schools and teachers in the private sector, and the socio-economic status of students and their parents, are also important factors of achievement gaps between the two systems of education.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Lefebvre, 2015. "La contribution de l'école privée au Québec à la littératie et à la numératie des 15 ans : une analyse par effets de traitement [The Contribution of the Private School System in Québec to Literacy ," Working Papers 15-03, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, revised Sep 2016.
  • Handle: RePEc:grc:wpaper:15-03
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://grch.esg.uqam.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/82/Lefebvre_GRCH_WP15-03.pdf
    File Function: Revised version, 2016
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pierre Lefebvre & Philip Merrigan, 2020. "Les inégalités provinciales aux tests internationaux-nationaux de littéracie : Québec, Ontario et autres provinces canadiennes 1993-2018 [Provincial achievement gaps from literacy surveys condu," Working Papers 20-02, Research Group on Human Capital, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, revised Oct 2020.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    scores aux tests PISA; école privée; effets de traitement; assignation au traitement; hiérarchie des compétences;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:grc:wpaper:15-03. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Marie Connolly (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ghuqmca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.