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Modelling Federal Finances under Uncertainty

Author

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  • Derek Hermanutz
  • Chris Matier

Abstract

Recently, stochastic simulation models have been used to analyse issues related to federal fiscal policy in Canada. These models capture the uncertainty inherent in the economy and in the budget process by providing a range of possible outcomes, along with probabilities of achieving desired outcomes. This paper presents an extended and modified version of the model developed in Boothe and Reid (1998). However, unlike previous work, our model incorporates the current federal budgetary planning framework based on rolling two-year fiscal targets, thus providing a more realistic model-based assessment of fiscal prudence and planning under uncertainty. The model is used to associate levels of fiscal prudence and fiscal measures with probabilities of achieving budget surpluses over the medium term, under alternative fiscal rules. Our results show that a rolling two-year fiscal rule can offset some of the uncertainty associated with future budget outcomes. By proceeding in annual steps, the risk of deficit outcomes can be significantly decreased. Reduced uncertainty about the budgetary balance does come at a cost -- increased uncertainty surrounding the amount of fiscal measures that will be implemented relative to a longer-term commitment. However, the implied commitment to a long-term sequence of fiscal measures may prove illusory in the face of negative economic shocks, suggesting that this "cost" should not be overstated. Depuis récemment, on a eu recours à des modèles de simulation stochastique pour analyser des questions relatives à la politique budgétaire fédérale au Canada. Ces modèles reflètent l’incertitude inhérente à l’économie et au processus budgétaire, en fournissant toute une gamme de résultats possibles et les possibilités d’atteindre les résultats escomptés. Le présent document offre une version plus étendue et modifiée du modèle élaboré par Boothe et Reid (1998). Cependant et contrairement à ce qui a été fait par le passé, notre modèle intègre le cadre de travail de la planification budgétaire actuelle du gouvernement fédéral et tient compte des cibles budgétaires pour deux exercices consécutifs. L’évaluation s’inspire ainsi d’un modèle et fournit une idée plus réaliste sur le plan de la prudence budgétaire et de la planification dans un climat d’incertitude. On se sert du modèle pour faire le lien entre les divers degrés de prudence budgétaire et les mesures fiscales susceptibles de se traduire par des excédents budgétaires au moyen terme, et avec d’autres règlements. Nos conclusions révèlent qu’un règlement budgétaire sur deux exercices consécutifs peut contribuer à dissiper une partie de l’incertitude face aux résultats budgétaires futurs. En procédant par étapes annuelles, on peut comprimer le risque d’afficher des résultats déficitaires. Mais il y a un prix à payer pour réduire l’incertitude sur le plan du bilan budgétaire -- et c’est que l’incertitude augmentera au chapitre des mesures fiscales à adopter dans le cadre des engagements à long terme. Cela dit, l’engagement que sous-tend une séquence de mesures fiscales de longue haleine risque de s’avérer illusoire face aux ébranlements de la conjoncture économique, d’où la nécessité de ne pas surestimer ce « coût ».

Suggested Citation

  • Derek Hermanutz & Chris Matier, "undated". "Modelling Federal Finances under Uncertainty," Working Papers-Department of Finance Canada 2000-02, Department of Finance Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:fca:wpfnca:2000-02
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    Cited by:

    1. Doug Hostland, "undated". "Fiscal Planning in an Era of Economic Stability," Working Papers-Department of Finance Canada 2003-10, Department of Finance Canada.
    2. David Bolder, 2003. "A Stochastic Simulation Framework for the Government of Canada's Debt Strategy," Staff Working Papers 03-10, Bank of Canada.

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