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Do Voters Prefer Gender Stereotypic Candidates? Evidence from a conjoint survey experiment in Japan

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  • ONO Yoshikuni
  • YAMADA Masahiro

Abstract

The striking under-representation of women in Japan has been partly attributed to gender stereotypes and prejudice toward female leadership among voters. We examine whether and to what extent candidates get rewarded or punished when they deviate from the behavioral expectations associated with their gender roles and images. Our conjoint experiment results in Japan demonstrate that not only are female candidates disadvantaged compared to their male counterparts, but also that they could lose support when they diverge from gender-based behavioral expectations. Our findings suggest that female candidates face a difficult dilemma in that they must weigh the cost of losing support for failing to conform to gender-based expectations, against the general loss of support they would incur for conforming to these expectations.

Suggested Citation

  • ONO Yoshikuni & YAMADA Masahiro, 2018. "Do Voters Prefer Gender Stereotypic Candidates? Evidence from a conjoint survey experiment in Japan," Discussion papers 18039, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    • Handle: RePEc:eti:dpaper:18039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brad Verhulst & Lindon J. Eaves & Peter K. Hatemi, 2012. "Correlation not Causation: The Relationship between Personality Traits and Political Ideologies," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(1), pages 34-51, January.
    2. Erika Falk & Kate Kenski, 2006. "Issue Saliency and Gender Stereotypes: Support for Women as Presidents in Times of War and Terrorism," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 87(1), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Mona Lena Krook, 2010. "Why Are Fewer Women than Men Elected? Gender and the Dynamics of Candidate Selection," Political Studies Review, Political Studies Association, vol. 8(2), pages 155-168, May.
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