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Uma Análise da Heterogeneidade Intrassetorial no Brasil Na Última Década

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  • Nogueira, Mauro Oddo
  • Oliveira, Joao Maria de

Abstract

O conceito de Heterogeneidade Estrutural (HE) pressupõe duas ideias: (i) nos países nos quais se pode afirmar que sua estrutura econômica é marcada pela HE, há uma significativa disparidade entre os níveis de produtividade do trabalho dos diversos agentes econômicos; (ii) tal disparidade se perpetua no tempo, quando não se acentua. Um olhar sobre o comportamento global da economia aponta para resultados positivos, representados por um crescimento da produtividade média do trabalho associado a uma redução no coeficiente de variação dessa produtividade, particularmente a partir do ano de 2006. Do ponto de vista da estrutura produtiva, isso indica um processo de “convergência para cima” (redução da heterogeneidade estrutural com aumento da produtividade). Uma análise do comportamento setorial indica que esse fato, a despeito dos resultados positivos no presente – que vêm se traduzindo nos ganhos sociais citados – há uma ameaça de vulnerabilidade na sustentação de processo. O crescimento da produtividade média da economia foi alavancado, basicamente, por um expressivo aumento da produtividade da agropecuária. A despeito disso, a produtividade desse setor ainda se situa em apenas cerca de 1/3 da produtividade média da economia, boa parte dessas atividades – entre as quais também se deve incluir a de Extração de petróleo e gás natural, que apresenta fortes perspectivas de crescimento nos próximos anos – são intensivas em recursos naturais, e fica patente a perda de competitividade dos setores industriais mais expostos à concorrência internacional. Assim, há uma sinalização de que a economia pode estar caminhando para uma fragilidade em relação à conjuntura internacional, criando dependência dos preços internacionais de commodities e do mercado financeiro global.

Suggested Citation

  • Nogueira, Mauro Oddo & Oliveira, Joao Maria de, 2013. "Uma Análise da Heterogeneidade Intrassetorial no Brasil Na Última Década," Oficina de la CEPAL en Brasilia (Estudios e Investigaciones) 37943, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col127:37943
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    1. Prebisch, Raúl, 2000. "O desenvolvimento econômico da América Latina e alguns de seus problemas principais," Copublicaciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1611.
    2. Margaret S. McMillan & Dani Rodrik, 2011. "Globalization, Structural Change and Productivity Growth," NBER Working Papers 17143, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Di Filippo, Armando, 2009. "Estructuralismo latinoamericano y teoría económica," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
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