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Bolsonaro et la COVID-19 au Brésil : réflexions autour d’un double paradoxe

Author

Listed:
  • François Roubaud

    (DIAL-LEDa, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Université)

  • Mireille Razafindrakoto

    (DIAL-LEDa, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Université)

Abstract

Après l’arrivée imprévue de Jair Bolsonaro, une personnalité d’extrême droite, au sommet de l’état, sa gestion catastrophique de la crise sanitaire et économique est venue apporter son nouveau lot de surprises. Le Brésil, l’un des pays les plus touchés par la COVID-19, semble ne pas être en mesure de contrôler la propagation du virus. Au-delà de ses conséquences tragiques, la réaction du gouvernement face à la pandémie se caractérise par un double paradoxe que nous tentons de mettre en lumière. D’une part, sur le volet sanitaire, le président a adopté une attitude négationiste et nie la gravité de la situation épidémiologique du pays. Alors que le virus sévit avec une acuité redoublée avec la seconde vague, il persiste, contribuant à alourdir le bilan sanitaire, auquel ses propres partisans paient un lourd tribut. D’autre part, sur le front économique, la mise en place d’un programme de transfert d’urgence à destination des catégories les plus démunies, notamment les travailleurs informels, a fait surgir un second paradoxe. Comment un gouvernement violemment opposé à toute forme de redistribution a pu être à l’origine de cet Auxilio emergencial, une politique interventionniste d’une ampleur inégalée en Amérique latine comme à l’aune de l’histoire du pays. Ces apparentes contradictions nous conduisent à proposer des éléments d’interprétation et une lecture de la stratégie d’un président sous le coup de multiples menaces de destitution, qui joue au jour le jour sa survie politique.______________________________________________After the unexpected arrival of far-right Jair Bolsonaro at the top of the state, his catastrophic handling of the health and economic COVID-19 crisis has brought new surprises. Brazil, one of the worst affected countries, appears to be unable to control the spread of the virus. Beyond its tragic consequences, the government's reaction to the pandemic is characterized by a double paradox that intend to highlight. On the one hand, on the health side, the president has adopted a negationist attitude and denies the seriousness of the country's epidemiological situation. While the virus rages with redoubled acuity with the second wave, it persists, contributing to increase the health toll, to which its own supporters pay a heavy price. On the other hand, on the economic front, the establishment of an emergency cash transfer program for the poorest categories, especially informal workers, has given rise to a second paradox. How a government violently opposed to any form of redistribution could have been at the origin of this Auxilio emergencial, an interventionist policy on a scale unmatched in Latin America or in the country's history. These apparent contradictions lead us to offer elements of interpretation of the strategy of a president under threat of multiple impeachment procedures, who plays his political survival day by day.

Suggested Citation

  • François Roubaud & Mireille Razafindrakoto, 2021. "Bolsonaro et la COVID-19 au Brésil : réflexions autour d’un double paradoxe," Working Papers DT/2021/02, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt202102
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    Keywords

    Bolsonaro; Brésil; COVID-19; Economie politique; Transfert d’urgence; Négationisme; Brazil; Political economy; Cash tranfers; Negationism;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • P46 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies

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