A new analysis of large-sample surveys in five comparable Sub-Saharan African countries allows measuring for the first time inequality of opportunity in Africa, aside inequality of resources and of living standards. We confirm the prevalence of high levels of inequality among the region’s countries. Yet we also find considerable differences in the structures of this inequality. Furthermore, intergenerational educational and occupational mobility and the equality of opportunity for income between social origins are quite definitely greater in countries where income inequality is lower, such as Ghana and Uganda, than in higher-inequality countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. _________________________________ Une exploitation nouvelle d’enquêtes à large échantillon concernant cinq pays d’Afrique subsaharienne permet pour la première fois de mesurer l’inégalité des chances en Afrique, à côté des inégalités de ressources et de conditions de vie. Nous confirmons l’existence d’inégalités prononcées au sein des pays de cette région, mais nous révélons aussi de fortes différences dans les structures de ces inégalités. L’essentiel de ces différences provient des écarts de revenu entre l’agriculture et les autres secteurs, et de l’échelle des rémunérations non agricoles. Au Ghana ou en Ouganda, la mobilité intergénérationnelle scolaire et professionnelle et l’égalité des chances devant le revenu entre les différentes origines sociales sont nettement plus fortes que dans les pays plus inégalitaires que sont la Côte d’Ivoire, la Guinée et Madagascar.
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Paper provided by DIAL (Développement, Institutions & Analyses de Long terme) in its series Working Papers with number
DT/2006/11.
Find related papers by JEL classification: D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement J62 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Job, Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion O15 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
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