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Inequalities and equity in Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Denis Cogneau

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • Thomas Bossuroy

    (EHESS, DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • Philippe De Vreyer

    (Université de Lille II, DIAL)

  • Charlotte Guénard

    (DIAL)

  • Victor Hiller

    (DIAL, Université Paris-I)

  • Phillippe Leite

    (EHESS, DIAL, Paris)

  • Sandrine Mesplé-Somps

    (DIAL, IRD, Paris)

  • Laure Pasquier-Doumer

    (DIAL, IEP-Paris)

  • Constance Torelli

    (DIAL)

Abstract

A new analysis of large-sample surveys in five comparable Sub-Saharan African countries allows measuring for the first time inequality of opportunity in Africa, aside inequality of resources and of living standards. We confirm the prevalence of high levels of inequality among the region’s countries. Yet we also find considerable differences in the structures of this inequality. Furthermore, intergenerational educational and occupational mobility and the equality of opportunity for income between social origins are quite definitely greater in countries where income inequality is lower, such as Ghana and Uganda, than in higher-inequality countries such as Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Madagascar. _________________________________ Une exploitation nouvelle d’enquêtes à large échantillon concernant cinq pays d’Afrique subsaharienne permet pour la première fois de mesurer l’inégalité des chances en Afrique, à côté des inégalités de ressources et de conditions de vie. Nous confirmons l’existence d’inégalités prononcées au sein des pays de cette région, mais nous révélons aussi de fortes différences dans les structures de ces inégalités. L’essentiel de ces différences provient des écarts de revenu entre l’agriculture et les autres secteurs, et de l’échelle des rémunérations non agricoles. Au Ghana ou en Ouganda, la mobilité intergénérationnelle scolaire et professionnelle et l’égalité des chances devant le revenu entre les différentes origines sociales sont nettement plus fortes que dans les pays plus inégalitaires que sont la Côte d’Ivoire, la Guinée et Madagascar.

Suggested Citation

  • Denis Cogneau & Thomas Bossuroy & Philippe De Vreyer & Charlotte Guénard & Victor Hiller & Phillippe Leite & Sandrine Mesplé-Somps & Laure Pasquier-Doumer & Constance Torelli, 2006. "Inequalities and equity in Africa," Working Papers DT/2006/11, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
  • Handle: RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt200611
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Giovanni Andrea Cornia, "undated". "An econometric analysis of the bifurcation of within-country inequality trends in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990–2011," UNDP Africa Policy Notes 2016-04, United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Africa.
    2. Léo Czajka, 2020. "Income Inequality in Côte d'Ivoire: 1985-2014," Working Papers halshs-02659230, HAL.
    3. Giovanni Andrea Cornia, 2020. "Is Rising Inequality Unavoidable in a Globalizing Economy Characterized by Rapid Technical Change?," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 63(1), pages 39-65, March.
    4. Guido Alfani & Federico Tadei, 2017. "Income Inequality in Colonial Africa: Building Social Tables for Pre-Independence Central African Republic, Ivory Coast, and Senegal," Working Papers 594, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    5. Francisco H. G. Ferreira & Jérémie Gignoux, 2011. "The Measurement Of Inequality Of Opportunity: Theory And An Application To Latin America," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 57(4), pages 622-657, December.
    6. Laure Pasquier-Doumer, 2013. "Intergenerational Transmission of Self-Employed Status in the Informal Sector: A Constrained Choice or Better Income Prospects? Evidence from Seven West African Countries," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 22(1), pages 73-111, January.
    7. Anda DAVID, 2019. "Reducing Inequalities. Policy Proposals for the Development Cooperation Agenda," Working Paper 73a7cfad-34cd-4de2-bb30-a, Agence française de développement.
    8. Laure Pasquier-Doumer, 2013. "Intergenerational Transmission of Self-Employed Status in the Informal Sector: A Constrained Choice or Better Income Prospects? Evidence from seven West-African Countries," Post-Print hal-01651028, HAL.
    9. Lucas Chancel & Denis Cogneau & Amory Gethin & Alix Myczkowski, 2019. "How large are African inequalities? Towards Distributional National Accounts in Africa, 1990 - 2017," World Inequality Lab Working Papers hal-02876986, HAL.
    10. Léo Czajka, 2017. "Income Inequality in Côte d'Ivoire: 1985-2014," Working Papers 201708, World Inequality Lab.
    11. Anda DAVID, 2019. "Réduire les inégalités. Propositions d’agenda pour la coopération internationale," Working Paper 73a7cfad-34cd-4de2-bb30-a, Agence française de développement.
    12. Mager, Gregor & Faße, Anja, 2021. "The Contribution of Smallholders´ Livelihood Activities on Income Inequality and Poverty: Case Study from Rural Tanzania," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315405, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Bigsten, Arne, 2014. "Dimensions of African inequality," WIDER Working Paper Series 050, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    14. repec:dau:papers:123456789/7080 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Thomas Bossuroy, 2011. "Ethnicity and Election Outcomes in Ghana," Working Papers DT/2011/05, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    16. Lucas Chancel & Denis Cogneau & Amory Gethin & Alix Myczkowski, 2019. "How large are African inequalities? Towards Distributional National Accounts in Africa, 1990 - 2017," World Inequality Lab Working Papers hal-02876986, HAL.
    17. repec:dau:papers:123456789/6268 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Maria Sassi & Gopal Trital & Poushali Bhattacharjee, 2022. "Beyond the Annual and Aggregate Measurement of Household Inequality: The Case Study of Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 34(1), pages 387-408, February.
    19. repec:dau:papers:123456789/11239 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Calvès, Anne E. & Kobiané, Jean-François & N’Bouké, Afiwa, 2013. "Privatization of Education and Labor Force Inequality in Urban Francophone Africa: The Transition from School to Work in Ouagadougou," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 136-148.
    21. James K. Galbraith & Beatrice Halbach & Aleksandra Malinowska & Amin Shams & Wenjie Zhang, 2015. "The UTIP Global Inequality Datasets: 1963-2008," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2015-019, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    22. James K. Galbraith & Beatrice Halbach & Aleksandra Malinowska & Amin Shams & Wenjie Zhang, 2015. "The UTIP Global Inequality Datasets: 1963-2008," WIDER Working Paper Series 019, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inégalités de revenu; Égalité des chances; Mobilité intergénérationnelle; Afrique; Income inequality; equality of opportunity; intergenerational mobility; Africa.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • J62 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Job, Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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