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Desviaciones de la paridad cubierta de tasas de interés: experiencia internacional y el caso de Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Catalina Morales
  • Rodrigo Vergara

    (Centro de Estudios Públicos, Santiago)

Abstract

Durante décadas se ha visto la paridad cubierta de tasas de interés (PCI) como una realidad tanto teórica como empírica, que nace de la condición de no arbitraje de los mercados internacionales. La PCI nos indica que el retorno esperado de dos activos con riesgo y plazos similares, denominados en dos monedas distintas, debe ser el mismo una vez que se ha cubierto el riesgo cambiario. Si la PCI está siendo violada, un arbitrador puede generar ganancias seguras endeudándose a la tasa más baja y prestando a la más alta, cubriéndose completamente del riesgo cambiario. En la medida en que esta oportunidad es aprovechada, desviaciones de la PCI deberían converger a cero. No obstante, la PCI entre las principales monedas del mundo, no se cumplió durante la crisis financiera mundial del año 2008 y esta situación se ha mantenido hasta el día de hoy. Es particularmente enigmático por qué en el periodo actual, un periodo de relativa calma financiera, la PCI sigue sin cumplirse. La literatura ha desarrollado básicamente dos líneas explicativas para este fenómeno: empeoramiento de las hojas de balance de los bancos y factores de riesgo que no permiten medir bien las tasas de interés relevantes. Para el caso de Chile, se observa que efectivamente la PCI se rompió durante la crisis financiera global a partir del año 2008; sin embargo, desde el año 2011, ésta, con vaivenes, se ha restaurado. Analizando el movimiento de los CDS de bonos soberanos, concluimos que el riesgo crediticio parece no ser suficiente para explicar las desviaciones de la PCI. Por otro lado, observamos que existe una correlación entre la fortaleza del dólar y la desviación de la PCI, lo cual nos sugiere que efectivamente el balance de los bancos jugaría un rol importante en el no cumplimiento de la PCI.

Suggested Citation

  • Catalina Morales & Rodrigo Vergara, 2017. "Desviaciones de la paridad cubierta de tasas de interés: experiencia internacional y el caso de Chile," Puntos de Referencia 459, Centro de Estudios Públicos.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpt:wpaper:459
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stefan Avdjiev & Wenxin Du & Cathérine Koch & Hyun Song Shin, 2019. "The Dollar, Bank Leverage, and Deviations from Covered Interest Parity," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 1(2), pages 193-208, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura Alfaro & Mauricio Calani & Liliana Varela, 2021. "Granular Corporate Hedging Under Dominant Currency," NBER Working Papers 28910, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    covered interest rate parity; arbitrage; interest rate;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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