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Las “ías”, entes de control y fiscalía en cifras: politización e inefectividad en la gestión pública entre múltiples capas de control

Author

Listed:
  • Erick Behar-Villegas
  • Pablo Sanabria-Pulido
  • Paul J. Hasselbrinck-Macias

Abstract

Los entes de control y fiscalía, informalmente conocidos por el acrónimo de “ías” (Procuraduría, Contralorías, Personerías, Fiscalías, etc.) forman una densa red de instituciones a nivel territorial y nacional, cuyos presupuestos agregados no se habían documentado hasta el momento. El presente trabajo explica brevemente las funciones de estas entidades y cuantifica sus presupuestos. Para el 2020, estos sumaron cerca del 0.77% del Producto Interno Bruto de Colombia. Entre el 2019 y el 2021, el presupuesto agregado aumentó 22.2%, jalonado especialmente por los entes de control y fiscalía del orden nacional. En un comparativo realizado con entidades parcialmente equivalentes en México, Alemania y Estados Unidos, se resalta que en Colombia hay, no solo más entidades, sino también una multiplicidad de capas de funciones. Estas implican riesgos considerables en una democracia, como lo son la politización de entidades que deben ser independientes, el escaso conocimiento de la opinión pública sobre las funciones de estos entes, la existencia de incentivos perversos, la captura de rentas vía procesos sancionatorios cuyo inicio y fin se concentra en una sola entidad y los dudosos y sesgados resultados de su gestión, que a su vez pueden estar atados a los mismos incentivos perversos inherentes a sus arreglos institucionales. ****** Control & Audit agencies, also known informally as watchdog agencies or ‘ías’ in Colombia, span a complex network of institutions of local or national order. Hitherto, the aggregation of their budgets had not been undertaken. This work fills this gap by documenting and aggregating their budgets, along with an explanation of the institutional missions. For 2020, for example, the aggregated budget of Colombian watchdog agencies accounted for 0.77% of GDP. Between 2019 and 2021, the aggregate budget increased by 22.2%, explained especially by the weight of the main national control and audit agencies. Using a comparison with similar institutional networks of Mexico, Germany and the United States, this work highlights that Colombia not only has a proportionally larger group of agencies, but also a multiplicity of ‘control layers of institutional missions’. The latter implies considerable risks for a democracy, i.e. political influences in would-be independent institutions, lack of knowledge about these institutions on the side of the public, the existence of perverse incentives, rent seeking that arises in biased control & sanction mechanisms that happen within single institutions, affecting the nature of checks and balances, along with the underlying results of the mission. These may be tied to perverse incentives inherent to the current institutional arrangements.

Suggested Citation

  • Erick Behar-Villegas & Pablo Sanabria-Pulido & Paul J. Hasselbrinck-Macias, 2022. "Las “ías”, entes de control y fiscalía en cifras: politización e inefectividad en la gestión pública entre múltiples capas de control," Documentos de trabajo 20760, Escuela de Gobierno - Universidad de los Andes.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000547:020760
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    File URL: https://gobierno.uniandes.edu.co/sites/default/files/books/DT/DT-87.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laura Langbein & Pablo Sanabria, 2013. "The Shape of Corruption: Colombia as a Case Study," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(11), pages 1500-1513, November.
    2. Joshua D. Clinton & David E. Lewis & Jennifer L. Selin, 2014. "Influencing the Bureaucracy: The Irony of Congressional Oversight," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 58(2), pages 387-401, April.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Entes de control; captura de rentas; órganos de control; contraloría; fiscalía; procuraduría; control fiscal; control disciplinario.;
    All these keywords.

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