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Efectos de las variaciones del IPC en las decisiones financieras

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  • Juan Pablo Alfonso Zorro

Abstract

En este documento se desarrolló un análisis de mercado que derivó en un modelo econométrico con miras a determinar el comportamiento del Índice de Precios al Consumidor en un horizonte de tiempo de 2 anos, para dar apoyo a la toma de decisiones financieras de inversión y financiamiento. En el análisis se tuvieron en cuenta las Encuestas a expertos y los Pronósticos a entidades financieras. Sin embargo, al enfrentar dicha información con el IPC observado, se concluyó que los pronósticos y encuestas mencionadas no tenían una capacidad de predicción a dos anos confiable. Debido a que el mercado no permitió cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, fue necesario desarrollar un modelo econométrico de tipo ARIMA con datos mensuales desde entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2018. En la construcción del modelo se determinó que la volatilidad del IPC estaba fuertemente influida por el precio de los alimentos, y por ende serían el fenómeno del nino y los paros de transporte las variables idóneas en la conformación del modelo. Como resultado, se obtuvo una proyección del IPC a dos anos. No obstante, el pronóstico presentó una desviación estándar considerable y creciente en el tiempo que redujo la efectividad del modelo a un ano. En el desarrollo del modelo como paso a seguir, se plantea necesario realizar una función impulso respuesta de las variables Dummy y adaptar el modelo a la nueva metodología del IPC propuesta por el DANE para 2019. *** In this document, a market analysis was developed which derived in an econometric model with a view to determining the behaviour of the Consumer Price Index in a time horizon of 2 years, to give support to the financial decision making of investment and financing. The analysis took into account the Surveys to experts and the Forecasts to financial entities. However, when facing said information with the observed CPI, it was concluded that the forecasts and surveys mentioned did not have a reliable two-year prediction capacity. Since the market did not comply with the proposed objective, it was necessary to develop an ARIMA-type econometric model with monthly data from January 2010 to December 2018. In the construction of the model, it was determined that the volatility of the CPI was strongly influenced by the food price, and therefore the El Nino phenomenon and transport stoppages would be the ideal variables in shaping the model. As a result, a two-year CPI projection was obtained. However, the forecast presented a considerable and increasing standard deviation over time that reduced the effectiveness of the model to one year. In the development of the model as a step to follow, it is necessary to carry out a response impulse function of the Dummy variables and to adapt the model to the new CPI methodology proposed by DANE for 2019.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Pablo Alfonso Zorro, 2019. "Efectos de las variaciones del IPC en las decisiones financieras," Econógrafos, Escuela de Economía 17329, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000176:017329
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    File URL: http://fce.unal.edu.co/centro-editorial/docs/econografos-escuela-economia/140-efectos-de-las-variaciones-del-ipc-en-las-decisiones-financieras
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    IPC; Fan Chart; ARIMA; fenómeno “El Niño”; paro de transportes; devaluación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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