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The Foreign-Born Population, the U.S. Economy, and the Federal Budget

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  • Congressional Budget Office

Abstract

About 45 million people living in the United States in 2021 were born in other countries. Foreign-born people accounted for about half of the growth of the U.S. labor force between 2002 and 2018. In 2019, 2020, and 2021, the size of the foreign-born labor force dropped considerably because of changes in immigration policy and the pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Congressional Budget Office, 2023. "The Foreign-Born Population, the U.S. Economy, and the Federal Budget," Reports 58939, Congressional Budget Office.
    • Handle: RePEc:cbo:report:58939
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    File URL: https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2023-04/58939-Immigration.pdf
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • F66 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Labor
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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