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Deep Learning for Limit Order Books

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  • Justin Sirignano

Abstract

This paper develops a new neural network architecture for modeling spatial distributions (i.e., distributions on R^d) which is computationally efficient and specifically designed to take advantage of the spatial structure of limit order books. The new architecture yields a low-dimensional model of price movements deep into the limit order book, allowing more effective use of information from deep in the limit order book (i.e., many levels beyond the best bid and best ask). This "spatial neural network" models the joint distribution of the state of the limit order book at a future time conditional on the current state of the limit order book. The spatial neural network outperforms other models such as the naive empirical model, logistic regression (with nonlinear features), and a standard neural network architecture. Both neural networks strongly outperform the logistic regression model. Due to its more effective use of information deep in the limit order book, the spatial neural network especially outperforms the standard neural network in the tail of the distribution, which is important for risk management applications. The models are trained and tested on nearly 500 stocks. Techniques from deep learning such as dropout are employed to improve performance. Due to the significant computational challenges associated with the large amount of data, models are trained with a cluster of 50 GPUs.

Suggested Citation

  • Justin Sirignano, 2016. "Deep Learning for Limit Order Books," Papers 1601.01987, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2016.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1601.01987
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Dat Thanh Tran & Martin Magris & Juho Kanniainen & Moncef Gabbouj & Alexandros Iosifidis, 2017. "Tensor Representation in High-Frequency Financial Data for Price Change Prediction," Papers 1709.01268, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2017.
    2. Kim, A. & Yang, Y. & Lessmann, S. & Ma, T. & Sung, M.-C. & Johnson, J.E.V., 2020. "Can deep learning predict risky retail investors? A case study in financial risk behavior forecasting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 283(1), pages 217-234.
    3. Defu Cao & Yousef El-Laham & Loc Trinh & Svitlana Vyetrenko & Yan Liu, 2022. "DSLOB: A Synthetic Limit Order Book Dataset for Benchmarking Forecasting Algorithms under Distributional Shift," Papers 2211.11513, arXiv.org.
    4. Justin Sirignano & Apaar Sadhwani & Kay Giesecke, 2016. "Deep Learning for Mortgage Risk," Papers 1607.02470, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2018.
    5. Adamantios Ntakaris & Giorgio Mirone & Juho Kanniainen & Moncef Gabbouj & Alexandros Iosifidis, 2019. "Feature Engineering for Mid-Price Prediction with Deep Learning," Papers 1904.05384, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2019.
    6. Ahmet Murat Ozbayoglu & Mehmet Ugur Gudelek & Omer Berat Sezer, 2020. "Deep Learning for Financial Applications : A Survey," Papers 2002.05786, arXiv.org.
    7. Adamantios Ntakaris & Juho Kanniainen & Moncef Gabbouj & Alexandros Iosifidis, 2019. "Mid-price Prediction Based on Machine Learning Methods with Technical and Quantitative Indicators," Papers 1907.09452, arXiv.org.
    8. Dat Thanh Tran & Alexandros Iosifidis & Juho Kanniainen & Moncef Gabbouj, 2017. "Temporal Attention augmented Bilinear Network for Financial Time-Series Data Analysis," Papers 1712.00975, arXiv.org.
    9. Justin Sirignano & Rama Cont, 2018. "Universal features of price formation in financial markets: perspectives from Deep Learning," Papers 1803.06917, arXiv.org.
    10. Justin Sirignano & Rama Cont, 2018. "Universal features of price formation in financial markets: perspectives from Deep Learning," Working Papers hal-01754054, HAL.
    11. Matthew F Dixon, 2017. "A High Frequency Trade Execution Model for Supervised Learning," Papers 1710.03870, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2017.
    12. Li, Yelin & Bu, Hui & Li, Jiahong & Wu, Junjie, 2020. "The role of text-extracted investor sentiment in Chinese stock price prediction with the enhancement of deep learning," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1541-1562.
    13. Adamantios Ntakaris & Martin Magris & Juho Kanniainen & Moncef Gabbouj & Alexandros Iosifidis, 2017. "Benchmark Dataset for Mid-Price Forecasting of Limit Order Book Data with Machine Learning Methods," Papers 1705.03233, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2020.
    14. Matthew F Dixon, 2017. "Sequence Classification of the Limit Order Book using Recurrent Neural Networks," Papers 1707.05642, arXiv.org.
    15. Dorota Toczydlowska & Gareth W. Peters, 2018. "Financial Big Data Solutions for State Space Panel Regression in Interest Rate Dynamics," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-45, July.

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