IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/pugtwp/332516.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

How has "Turkey's Africa Strategy" been Affecting Turkey's Exports to Africa?: Evidence from Firm Level Data for 2003-2012

Author

Listed:
  • Akel, Abdullah Emre

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is to examine whether "Turkey's Africa Strategy" has significant contributions to Turkey’s exports to Africa in the last decade or not. In this context, a descriptive firmlevel analysis, which uses a number of definitions such as “Firm Entry, Exit and Survival Rates”, as well as the breakdown of Turkey’s exports to Africa by “Intensive and Extensive Margins of Exports” using annual firm-product-country level data for 2003-2012 is implemented to bring out characteristics of Turkish exports to Africa in detail. The results suggest that although Turkey’s Africa Strategy has been successful in creating awareness among Turkish SMEs to direct their attention to Africa, Turkish exporters cannot survive in the African market. In addition, new exporters’ contribution to Turkey’s exports to Africa is limited in each year, while the main source of the exports growth are the changes in intensive margin, where short-term survivors have the key role. Concerning most of the exporters to Africa, share of exports to Africa in their total exports is below 20%, while their main exports destinations are the EU and Middle East countries. Besides, exporters’ interest in Africa is still concentrated into the North African countries, although there is an increasing market diversification into the South. It turns out that increasing interest and activities of Turkey’s competitors in Africa, especially those of China and India, makes it harder for Turkish exporters to survive in the market. Hence, Turkey needs to reconsider its Africa Strategy while taking into account its competitors’ strategies for sustainable economic relations in the continent.

Suggested Citation

  • Akel, Abdullah Emre, 2014. "How has "Turkey's Africa Strategy" been Affecting Turkey's Exports to Africa?: Evidence from Firm Level Data for 2003-2012," Conference papers 332516, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:pugtwp:332516
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/332516/files/7355.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Krugman, Paul, 1980. "Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(5), pages 950-959, December.
    2. Hertel, Thomas, 1997. "Global Trade Analysis: Modeling and applications," GTAP Books, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, number 7685, December.
    3. Marc J. Melitz, 2003. "The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(6), pages 1695-1725, November.
    4. Zhai, Fan, 2008. "Armington Meets Melitz: Introducing Firm Heterogeneity in a Global CGE Model of Trade," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 23, pages 575-604.
    5. Peter A. Petri & Michael G. Plummer & Fan Zhai, 2012. "The Trans-Pacific Partnership and Asia-Pacific Integration: A Quantitative Assessment," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 6642, October.
    6. Petri, Peter A., 2012. "The Trans-Pacific Partnership and Asia-Pacific Integration," 2012: New Rules of Trade? December 2012, San Diego, California 143184, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Itakura, Ken & Oyamada, Kazuhiko, 2016. "Trade Response of Armington-Krugman-Melitz Encompassing Module in a CGE Model: Case of the Trans- Pacific Partnership Agreement," Conference papers 332802, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Ken Itakura & Kazuhiko Oyamada, 2015. "Examining Trade Response of Armington-Krugman-Melitz Encompassing Module in a CGE Model," EcoMod2015 8695, EcoMod.
    3. KAWASAKI Kenichi, 2014. "The Relative Significance of EPAs in Asia-Pacific," Discussion papers 14009, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    4. Balistreri, Edward J. & Tarr, David G., 2016. "Comparison of Welfare Results from Trade Liberalization in the Armington, Krugman and Melitz Models: Impacts with features of real economies," Conference papers 332773, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    5. Balistreri, Edward J. & Tarr, David G., 2017. "Market Structure and the impact of RCEP in The Philippines: What are the Differences between Melitz, Krugman and Armington Models," Conference papers 332835, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    6. Hosoe, Nobuhiro & Akune, Yuko, 2020. "Can the Japanese agri-food producers survive under freer trade? A general equilibrium analysis with farm heterogeneity and product differentiation," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    7. Kawasaki, Kenichi, 2015. "The relative significance of EPAs in Asia-Pacific," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 19-30.
    8. Akgul, Zeynep & Villoria, Nelson B. & Hertel, Thomas W., 2014. "Introducing Firm Heterogeneity into the GTAP Model with an Illustration in the Context of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement," Conference papers 332463, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    9. Ken Itakura & Hiro Lee, 2023. "Should the United States rejoin the Trans-Pacific trade deal?," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 235-255, May.
    10. Hosoe, Nobuhiro & Akune, Yuko, 2019. "Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Japanese Agri-food Sectors: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Farm Heterogeneity and Product Differentiation," Conference papers 333025, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    11. Oyamada, Kazuhiko, 2013. "Parameterization of applied general equilibrium models with flexible trade specifications based on the Armington, Krugman, and Melitz models," IDE Discussion Papers 380, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    12. Chae‐Deug Yi, 2023. "The economic and trade effects of the UK–Korea free trade agreement on the United Kingdom, Korea, Japan, China, and the European Union," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 227-253, April.
    13. Jaewon Jung, 2022. "The Effects of China’s Participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP): A Quantitative Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    14. Hertel, Thomas, 2013. "Global Applied General Equilibrium Analysis Using the Global Trade Analysis Project Framework," Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, in: Peter B. Dixon & Dale Jorgenson (ed.), Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 815-876, Elsevier.
    15. Li, Qiaomin & Scollay, Robert & Gilbert, John, 2017. "Analyzing the effects of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership on FDI in a CGE framework with firm heterogeneity," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 409-420.
    16. Zeynep Akgul & Nelson B Villoria & Thomas W Hertel, 2016. "GTAP-HET: Introducing Firm Heterogeneity into the GTAP Model," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, vol. 1(1), pages 111-180, June.
    17. Oyamada, Kazuhiko, 2014. "Neutrality in the choice of number of firms or level of fixed costs in calibrating an Armington-Krugman-Melitz encompassing module for applied general equilibrium models," IDE Discussion Papers 465, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    18. Wainio, John & Dyck, John & Meade, Birgit Gisela Saager & Mitchell, Lorrarine & Zahniser, Steven & Arita, Shawn & Beckman, Jayson F. & Burfisher, Mary E., 2014. "Agriculture in the Trans-Pacific Partnership," Economic Research Report 188429, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    19. Oyamada, Kazuhiko, 2015. "Behavioral characteristics of applied general equilibrium models with an Armington-Krugman-Melitz encompassing module," IDE Discussion Papers 525, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    20. Oyamada, Kazuhiko, 2014. "Behavioral Characteristics of Applied General Equilibrium Models with an Armington-Krugman-Melitz Encompassing Module," Conference papers 332442, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:pugtwp:332516. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/gtpurus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.