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Gender Differential of Educational Outcomes in India: How Does Space Matter?

In: Risks and Resilience of Emerging Economies

Author

Listed:
  • Antara Bhattacharyya

    (Jadavpur University)

  • Sushil Kr. Haldar

    (Jadavpur University)

Abstract

India has achieved a decent rate of economic growth in past decades except the COVID pandemic period. However, such growth fails to ensure gender equality in various aspects of life. This paper tries to investigate the gender disparity in literacy and enrolment rate across 24 states over 4 time points. The major focus of this paper is to examine the spatial influence of gender differential in educational outcomes along with conventional socio-economic variables in a panel data framework. We find that gender disparity of net enrolment is found to be negative which means females are better off compared to males. However, disparity prevails in respect of literacy rate though over time it is found to be declining in all the states. We also find that net enrolment is space neutral but the literacy rate is space dependent. The Global Moran Index (GMI) values of gender disparity in literacy in different time points appear to be statistically significant; this implies the existence of spatial clustering of states (high-high and low-low) in gender disparity in literacy rate. The spatial panel data regression results of gender differential of literacy clearly prove the influence of neighbouring effect; only two explanatory variables like urbanization and per capita social sector expenditure have appeared to be statistically significant.

Suggested Citation

  • Antara Bhattacharyya & Sushil Kr. Haldar, 2023. "Gender Differential of Educational Outcomes in India: How Does Space Matter?," India Studies in Business and Economics, in: Tanmoyee Banerjee Chatterjee & Arpita Ghose & Poulomi Roy (ed.), Risks and Resilience of Emerging Economies, pages 289-312, Springer.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:isbchp:978-981-99-4063-9_14
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4063-9_14
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Net enrolment ratio; Literacy rate; Coefficient of inequality and Sopher’s Disparity Index; Moran’s Index; Spatial regression;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development

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