Working Hours and Job Sharing in the EU and USA: Are Europeans Lazy? Or Americans Crazy?

In the last 50 years the gap in labour productivity between Europe and the US has narrowed considerably with estimates in 2005 suggesting a EU-US labour productivity gap of about 5 per cent. Yet, average per capita income in the EU is still about 30% lower than in the US. This persistent gap in income per capita can be almost entirely explained by Europeans working less than Americans. Why do Europeans work so little compared to Americans? What do they do with their spare time outside work? Can they be induced to work more without reducing labour productivity? If so, how? And what is the effect on well-being if policies are created to reward paid work as opposed to other potentially socially valuable activities, like childbearing? More broadly, should the state interfere at all when it comes to bargaining over working hours? This volume explores these questions and many more in an attempt to understand the changing nature of the hours worked in the USA and EU, as well as the effects of policies that impose working hour reductions. Contributors to this volume - Tito Boeri, Bocconi University Michael Burda, Humboldt University Berlin Pierre Cahuc, Paris 1-Pantheon Sorbonne Bruno Crepon, CREST-INSEE Francis Kramarz, CREST-INSEE Daniel S. Hamermesh, University of Texas-Austin Thorsten Schank, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Oskar Nordstrom Skans, Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation Gijsbert van Lomwel, CentERdata Philippe Weil, Universite Libre de Bruxelles Andre Zylberberg, CNRS