Addressing policy challenges in implementing Sustainable Development Goals through an adaptive governance approach: A view from transitional China

In 2015, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by all member states of the United Nations. This paper argues that actually implementing the SDGs is far more challenging than reaching agreement to adopt them. To overcome these challenges, a Four†Step Adaptive Governance Framework was set up to facilitate implementation of these goals. Two†level policy tools are presented to illustrate the policy evolution of China's development transitions, within the framework of “adaptive governance.†This study found that the Four†Step Adaptive Governance Approach is deeply embedded in China's policy process, and it has contributed significantly to China's development during the past four decades. The Adaptive Governance Framework and this example of its application in China suggests it could be a useful tool for developing countries that are formulating their national strategies to achieve their SDGs by 2030.