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The Disappearing January/Turn of the Year Effect: Evidence From Stock Index Futures and Cash Markets

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  • Andrew C. Szakmary
  • Dean B. Kiefer

Abstract

This study examines the returns, relative to the S&P 500, on cash indices and futures tracking smaller stocks around the turn of the year. While we control for volatility clustering, return autocorrelation in small stock indices, and other calendar effects, our main focus is the evolution of the turn of the year effect through time: in particular, whether the effect is smaller or takes place earlier subsequent to the introduction of the S&P Midcap and Russell 2000 futures in 1993. We find that evidence of a traditional turn of the year effect, in both cash and futures, is confined to the pre‐1993 period. Post‐1993, there are no abnormal returns during the turn of the year window as a whole. Interestingly, returns in this period remain high on the last trading day of December, but they are negative across the first five trading days of January. In addition, post‐1993, we often observe significant abnormal returns prior to the traditional turn of the year, i.e., in the pre‐Christmas and post‐Christmas windows. Taken together, our results suggest that market participants may be eliminating the turn of the year effect with the aid of two new futures contracts that are well suited to this purpose. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:755–784, 2004

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew C. Szakmary & Dean B. Kiefer, 2004. "The Disappearing January/Turn of the Year Effect: Evidence From Stock Index Futures and Cash Markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(8), pages 755-784, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jfutmk:v:24:y:2004:i:8:p:755-784
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    Cited by:

    1. Terence Tai-Leung Chong & Siqi Hou, 2021. "Will stock rise on Valentine’s Day?," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(5), pages 646-667, May.
    2. Stefanescu, Răzvan & Dumitriu, Ramona, 2020. "Efectul Turn-of-the-Year pe piaţa valutară din România [The Turn-of-the-Year Effect in the Romanian foreign exchange market]," MPRA Paper 99365, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Mar 2020.
    3. Goodell, John W. & Kumar, Satish & Rao, Purnima & Verma, Shubhangi, 2023. "Emotions and stock market anomalies: A systematic review," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    4. Stefanescu, Răzvan & Dumitriu, Ramona, 2020. "Introducere în analiza anomaliilor calendaristice, Partea a doua [An Introduction to the Analysis of the Calendar Anomalies, Part 2]," MPRA Paper 97961, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan & Naheed Rabbani, 2019. "Market Conditions and Calendar Anomalies in Japanese Stock Returns," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 26(2), pages 187-209, June.
    6. Dinesh Gajurel & Biplob Chowdhury, 2021. "Realized Volatility, Jump and Beta: evidence from Canadian Stock Market," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(55), pages 6376-6397, November.
    7. KUMAR Satish, 2017. "A Review On The Evolution Of Calendar Anomalies," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 12(1), pages 95-109, April.

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