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Improving Auditors' Consideration of Evidence Contradicting Management's Estimate Assumptions†

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  • Ashley A. Austin
  • Jacqueline S. Hammersley
  • Michael A. Ricci

Abstract

Auditors have difficulty evaluating the assumptions underlying management's estimates. One source of these problems is that auditors appear to dismiss evidence contradicting management's assumptions because their initial preference to support management's accounting biases their preliminary conclusions and, thus, their interpretation of evidence. We experimentally examine whether auditors with a balanced focus (i.e., a focus on documenting evidence that supports and contradicts their preliminary conclusion) are less likely to dismiss evidence that contradicts management's assumptions than auditors with a supporting focus (i.e., a focus on documenting evidence that supports their preliminary conclusion). We expect and find that, compared with auditors with a supporting focus, auditors with a balanced focus create documentation that is less dismissive of evidence contradicting management's estimate. Importantly, a balanced focus changes auditors' cognition and affects how auditors interpret contradicting evidence rather than merely increasing their documentation of this evidence. The effects of reduced dismissiveness persist to improve auditors' evaluations of a biased estimate and subsequent actions, improving audit quality in an important and difficult area. Amélioration de la prise en compte par les auditeurs des éléments infirmant les hypothèses relatives aux estimations de la direction Les auditeurs éprouvent de la difficulté à évaluer les hypothèses sous‐jacentes aux estimations de la direction. L'une des sources de la problématique est l'apparent rejet par les auditeurs des éléments probants qui infirment les hypothèses de la direction, et cela parce que leur propension initiale à avaliser les choix comptables de la direction les amène à faire preuve de partialité dans leurs conclusions préliminaires et, par conséquent, leur interprétation des éléments probants. Les auteurs se demandent si les auditeurs qui ont une vision équilibrée de la situation (et s'emploient donc à documenter aussi bien les éléments probants qui infirment leurs conclusions préliminaires que ceux qui les confirment) sont moins susceptibles de rejeter les éléments probants qui infirment les hypothèses de la direction que les auditeurs qui se concentrent sur les éléments probants corroboratifs (et s'emploient à documenter les éléments probants qui confirment leurs conclusions préliminaires). Les auteurs anticipent et démontrent que les auditeurs dont la vision est équilibrée, comparativement aux auditeurs qui avalisent les choix de la direction, rassemblent une documentation moins axée sur le rejet des éléments probants infirmant les estimations de la direction. Fait important, la vision équilibrée des auditeurs modifie leur processus cognitif et influe sur leur façon d'interpréter les éléments probants qui infirment les hypothèses de la direction plutôt que de simplement renforcer la documentation de ces éléments probants. Les conséquences de l'atténuation de cette propension au rejet persistent, améliorant ainsi l'évaluation par les auditeurs des estimations tendancieuses et les mesures qu'ils prennent par la suite, ce qui accroît la qualité d'un aspect de l'audit à la fois épineux et important.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashley A. Austin & Jacqueline S. Hammersley & Michael A. Ricci, 2020. "Improving Auditors' Consideration of Evidence Contradicting Management's Estimate Assumptions†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(2), pages 696-716, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:696-716
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12540
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    1. Christine Gimbar & Molly Mercer, 2021. "Do Auditors Accurately Predict Litigation and Reputation Consequences of Inaccurate Accounting Estimates?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(1), pages 276-301, March.
    2. Yi (Dale) Fu & Noel Harding & David C. Hay & Mohammad Jahanzeb Khan & Tom Scott & Harj Singh & Sarka Stepankova & Nigar Sultana, 2023. "Comments of the AFAANZ Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee on Proposed International Standard on Auditing 500 (Revised) Audit Evidence," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(4), pages 4805-4812, December.
    3. Ricci, Michael A., 2022. "How better client service performance affects auditors' willingness to challenge management's preferred accounting," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).

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