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Mind the Gap: Why Do Experts Have Differences of Opinion Regarding the Sufficiency of Audit Evidence Supporting Complex Fair Value Measurements?†

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  • Steven M. Glover
  • Mark H. Taylor
  • Yi‐Jing Wu
  • Ken T. Trotman

Abstract

Reported deficiencies continue to persist in audits of fair value measurements and other complex accounting estimates (hereafter, “FVMs”), despite improvements in auditor performance observed by regulators. The persistence of reported deficiencies in audits of FVMs suggests that factors underlying this trend may be more complicated and multidimensional than previously suggested by regulators and academic research, which has focused largely on auditors' unsatisfactory performance as the principal source of reported deficiencies. Drawing from the judgment and decision‐making expertise literature, we gather field‐based data from audit experts to identify additional factors that are likely to be contributing to differences of opinion between audit and inspection experts and the persistence of reported deficiencies in audits of FVMs. We find evidence that audit experts interpret standards and evaluate audit evidence differently than inspectors, and thus perceive there to be a gap between what auditors and inspectors regard as sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support audits of FVMs (hereafter, “FVM gap”). Moreover, results highlight several areas in audits of FVMs where differences of opinion exist between auditor and inspector experts regarding what constitutes a reported deficiency. Within the contexts we examine, our results identify additional factors, beyond deficient auditor performance, that may contribute to the FVM gap. We also report audit partners' recommendations for ways to reduce the FVM gap and suggest avenues for future research. Gaining a more complete understanding of sources contributing to reported deficiencies will help regulators, standard setters, audit firms, and academics to identify ways to reduce the FVM gap and reported deficiencies in audits of FVMs. Gare à l’écart : pourquoi l'opinion des experts diffère‐t‐elle quant au caractère suffisant des éléments probants étayant les évaluations complexes à la juste valeur ? Les déficiences observées persistent toujours dans l'audit des évaluations à la juste valeur et autres estimations comptables complexes (ci‐après « ÉJV »), malgré les améliorations que constatent les autorités de réglementation dans la performance des auditeurs. Cette persistance semble indiquer que les facteurs sous‐jacents à cette tendance pourraient être plus complexes et multidimensionnels que ne l'ont précédemment laissé entendre les autorités de réglementation et les chercheurs, qui ont principalement attribué les déficiences relevées à la performance insatisfaisante des auditeurs. Les auteurs, en se basant sur la documentation relative à l'expertise en matière de jugement et de prise de décisions, recueillent auprès d'auditeurs experts des données de terrain permettant de définir d'autres facteurs susceptibles de contribuer aux divergences d'opinion entre experts en audit et experts en inspection, ainsi qu’à la persistance des déficiences observées dans l'audit des ÉJV. Certaines de ces données confirment que les experts en audit interprètent les normes et évaluent les éléments probants d'une manière différente de celle des inspecteurs, ce qui laisse percevoir l'existence d'un écart entre les éléments probants que les auditeurs et les inspecteurs estiment suffisants pour étayer l'audit des ÉJV (ci‐après « écart d’ÉJV »). De plus, les résultats mettent en lumière plusieurs aspects de l'audit des ÉJV à l’égard desquels les experts en audit et en inspection divergent d'opinion quant à ce qui peut être qualifié de déficience observée. Dans les situations auxquelles ils s'intéressent, les auteurs relèvent d'autres facteurs, outre la performance insatisfaisante de l'auditeur, susceptibles de contribuer à l’écart d’ÉJV. Ils font également état des recommandations des associés d'audit visant à réduire l’écart d’ÉJV et suggèrent des pistes de recherche future. Le fait de mieux comprendre les facteurs contribuant aux déficiences observées aidera les autorités de réglementation, les normalisateurs, les cabinets d'audit et les chercheurs à définir des façons de réduire l’écart d’ÉJV et les déficiences observées de l'audit des ÉJV.

Suggested Citation

  • Steven M. Glover & Mark H. Taylor & Yi‐Jing Wu & Ken T. Trotman, 2019. "Mind the Gap: Why Do Experts Have Differences of Opinion Regarding the Sufficiency of Audit Evidence Supporting Complex Fair Value Measurements?†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 1417-1460, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:1417-1460
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12480
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    Cited by:

    1. Emily E. Griffith, 2020. "Auditors, Specialists, and Professional Jurisdiction in Audits of Fair Values†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(1), pages 245-276, March.
    2. Hanlon, Michelle & Shroff, Nemit, 2022. "Insights into auditor public oversight boards: Whether, how, and why they “work”," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1).
    3. Sarah B. Stuber & Chris E. Hogan, 2021. "Do PCAOB Inspections Improve the Accuracy of Accounting Estimates?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(1), pages 331-370, March.
    4. Christine Gimbar & Molly Mercer, 2021. "Do Auditors Accurately Predict Litigation and Reputation Consequences of Inaccurate Accounting Estimates?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(1), pages 276-301, March.
    5. Esraa Esam Alharasis & Hossam Haddad & Maha Shehadeh & Ahmad Saleem Tarawneh, 2022. "Abnormal Monitoring Costs Charged for Auditing Fair Value Model: Evidence from Jordanian Finance Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    6. Yoon Ju Kang & M. David Piercey & Andrew Trotman, 2020. "Does an Audit Judgment Rule Increase or Decrease Auditors' Use of Innovative Audit Procedures?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(1), pages 297-321, March.
    7. Esraa Esam Alharasis & Ahmad Saleem Tarawneh & Maha Shehadeh & Hossam Haddad & Ahmad Marei & Elina F. Hasan, 2022. "Reimbursement Costs of Auditing Financial Assets Measured by Fair Value Model in Jordanian Financial Firms’ Annual Reports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-21, August.
    8. Van Landuyt, Ben W., 2021. "Does emphasizing management bias decrease auditors’ sensitivity to measurement imprecision?," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).

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