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Do Analysts Matter for Corporate Tax Planning? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

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  • Novia X. Chen
  • Peng‐Chia Chiu
  • Terry Shevlin

Abstract

We exploit an exogenous shock to analyst coverage as a result of brokerage house mergers and closures to examine whether financial analysts influence the tax‐planning activities of the firms they cover. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, we find that, on average, firms affected by broker mergers and/or closures experience a reduction in their GAAP (cash) effective tax rates (ETR) of 2.5 percent (2.6 percent), relative to control firms, translating into average tax expense (cash tax) savings of $34 ($35) million. The treatment effect is more pronounced among firms with lower pre‐event analyst coverage. To explore how analysts affect tax planning, we further document that the treatment effect is greater among firms that lose an analyst who provided an implied ETR forecast in the past, suggesting that analysts influence tax planning via their tax‐specific research efforts. In addition, we find that after merger/closure, weakly governed firms increase their use of aggressive tax strategies, and financially distressed firms experience a larger reduction of cash effective tax rates, relative to control firms. Overall, we provide evidence that a shock to analyst coverage sufficiently changes the cost‐benefit trade‐off of tax planning. Les auteurs se servent d'un choc exogène auquel est soumis le suivi des analystes à la suite de fusions et de fermetures de sociétés de courtage pour vérifier si les analystes financiers exercent une influence sur les activités de planification fiscale des sociétés dont ils assurent le suivi. À l'aide d'un plan de recherche basé sur l’écart dans les différences, ils constatent qu'en moyenne, les sociétés touchées par les fusions ou les fermetures de sociétés de courtage enregistrent une diminution de 2,5 pour cent (2,6 pour cent) de leur taux d'imposition effectif selon les PCGR (taux d'imposition effectif en trésorerie) par rapport aux sociétés de contrôle, ce qui se traduit par des économies de 34 millions de dollars (35 millions de dollars) au chapitre de la charge d'impôts (des impôts en trésorerie). L'incidence du traitement par les analystes est plus marquée chez les sociétés qui retenaient moins l'attention des analystes avant l’événement. Pour déterminer en quoi les analystes exercent une influence sur la planification fiscale, les auteurs recueillent davantage de données établissant que l'incidence du traitement est plus importante chez les sociétés qui perdent un analyste qui publiait auparavant une prévision de taux d'imposition effectif implicite, ce qui semble indiquer que les analystes exercent une influence sur la planification fiscale par le truchement de leur travail de recherche proprement fiscale. Ils constatent en outre qu'après une fusion ou une fermeture, les sociétés dont la gouvernance laisse à désirer ont davantage recours à des stratégies fiscales audacieuses et les sociétés en difficulté financière enregistrent une diminution plus importante des taux d'imposition effectifs en trésorerie, comparativement aux sociétés de contrôle. Globalement, l’étude montre qu'un choc subi par le suivi des analystes modifie suffisamment le compromis coûts‐avantages de la planification fiscale.

Suggested Citation

  • Novia X. Chen & Peng‐Chia Chiu & Terry Shevlin, 2018. "Do Analysts Matter for Corporate Tax Planning? Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(2), pages 794-829, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:2:p:794-829
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12413
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    Cited by:

    1. Kovermann, Jost & Velte, Patrick, 2019. "The impact of corporate governance on corporate tax avoidance—A literature review," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Chen, Yunsen & Huang, Jianqiao & Li, Xiao & Ni, Xiaoran, 2023. "Financial market opening and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from staggered quasi-natural experiments," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    3. Shen, Yuxin & Xu, Hanwen & Yu, Shuangli & Xu, Wei & Shen, Yongjian, 2022. "Air pollution and tax avoidance: New evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 402-420.
    4. Paolo Candio, 2023. "On the role of cost-effectiveness in accounting," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2023(2 Suppl.), pages 215-225.
    5. Hossain, Ashrafee Tanvir & Hossain, Takdir & Kryzanowski, Lawrence, 2021. "Political corruption and corporate payouts," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    6. Hasibul Chowdhury & Robert Faff & Khoa Hoang, 2021. "Using abnormal analyst coverage to unlock new evidence on stock price crash risk," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(S1), pages 1557-1588, April.
    7. Luo, Jinbo & Ni, Xiaoran & Tian, Gary Gang, 2020. "Short selling and corporate tax avoidance: Insights from a financial constraint view," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    8. Novia (Xi) Chen & Peng-Chia Chiu & Terry Shevlin & Jiani Wang, 2023. "Taxes in Non-GAAP Reporting: Evidence of Strategic Behavior in Selecting Tax Rates Applied to Exclusions," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(5), pages 3100-3120, May.
    9. Hu, May & Xiong, Wanfang & Xu, Cheng, 2021. "Analyst coverage, corporate social responsibility, and firm value: Evidence from China," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    10. Lee, Ye Ji, 2021. "The effects of analysts’ tax expense forecast accuracy on corporate tax avoidance: An international analysis," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2).
    11. Guanming He & Helen Mengbing Ren & Richard Taffler, 2020. "The impact of corporate tax avoidance on analyst coverage and forecasts," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 447-477, February.

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