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Friction and Party Manifesto Change in 25 Countries, 1945–98

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  • Stefaan Walgrave
  • Michiel Nuytemans

Abstract

Political processes are affected by “friction.” Due to cognitive limitations and institutional delays, political agendas do not adapt smoothly to real‐world impulses; political agendas either ignore them or overreact. The first question this article tackles is whether the same punctuated change process can be observed in party manifestos. Secondly, it examines whether there are differences across political systems and across party lines. Thirdly, the study tries to account for differences in the degree of “punctuatedness” of party manifestos. Drawing on the vast dataset of the Manifesto Research Group, the article shows that party manifestos are indeed characterized by friction and resistance to change; it also establishes that there are considerable differences in frictional patterns between parties and political systems; and it finds that electoral fragmentation, government participation, and electoral volatility are key to understanding these differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefaan Walgrave & Michiel Nuytemans, 2009. "Friction and Party Manifesto Change in 25 Countries, 1945–98," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(1), pages 190-206, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:amposc:v:53:y:2009:i:1:p:190-206
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00365.x
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    1. Stimson, James A. & Mackuen, Michael B. & Erikson, Robert S., 1995. "Dynamic Representation," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 89(3), pages 543-565, September.
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    3. Budge, Ian, 1994. "A New Spatial Theory of Party Competition: Uncertainty, Ideology and Policy Equilibria Viewed Comparatively and Temporally," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(4), pages 443-467, October.
    4. Jones, Bryan D. & Sulkin, Tracy & Larsen, Heather A., 2003. "Policy Punctuations in American Political Institutions," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 97(1), pages 151-169, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tevfik Murat Yildirim, 2022. "Stability and change in the public’s policy agenda: a punctuated equilibrium approach," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 55(2), pages 337-350, June.
    2. Nguyen, Ha Thi Thu & Larimo, Jorma & Ghauri, Pervez, 2022. "Understanding foreign divestment: The impacts of economic and political friction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 675-691.

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