IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/accper/v20y2021i1p109-143.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Toward an Archival Measure of the Likelihood of Auditor‐Client Management Negotiation: An Exploration of the Audit Lag Measures Conjecture†

Author

Listed:
  • Yan Luo
  • Steven E. Salterio

Abstract

Salterio (2012) hypothesized that adaptations of an audit efficiency measure, audit report lag (the length of time between the financial statement year‐end date and the auditor's report date), could provide measures of underlying auditor–client management (ACM) negotiation likelihood. Salterio argued that these measures would enable archival researchers to examine issues that heretofore were the exclusive domain of experimental and field researchers. Using an audit report lag measure and a measure of abnormal audit report lag lags (the residual based on audit report lag determinants model), we show that a larger lag is associated with higher audit fees after controlling for other known determinants of audit fees. We also show that larger lags are associated with higher levels of discretionary accruals—that is, lower accrual quality. Based on our findings, we suggest that there is support for Salterio's hypothesis that audit report lags and abnormal audit report provide valid archival proxies for the differences in year‐end ACM negotiation likelihood. We suggest that this proxy will allow researchers to study issues related to published accounting numbers in light of whether negotiations are likely to have occurred in addition to providing regulators and others the means to determine what clients of audit firms are more likely to have different types of ACM relationships. Vers une mesure documentaire de la probabilité de négociations auditeur‐client : Exploration de la conjecture des mesures du délai d'audit Salterio (2012) a posé l'hypothèse selon laquelle des ajustements à une mesure de l'efficacité de l'audit, soit le délai d'audit (le temps écoulé entre la date de la fin de l'exercice financier et la date du rapport d'audit), pourraient fournir des mesures de la probabilité sous‐jacente de négociations entre l'auditeur et le client. Salterio a avancé que ces mesures permettraient aux chercheurs documentaires d'examiner des questions qui, jusqu’à maintenant, étaient le champ exclusif des chercheurs expérimentaux ou sur le terrain. À l'aide d'une mesure des délais d'audit et d'une mesure des délais d'audit anormaux (le résidu issu de l'application du modèle des déterminants du délai d'audit), nous montrons qu'un délai plus long est associé à des frais d'audit plus élevés, après avoir pris en compte les autres déterminants connus des frais d'audit. Nous établissons aussi que des délais plus importants sont associés à des niveaux plus élevés de régularisations discrétionnaires – soit des régularisations de moindre qualité. À la lumière de nos résultats, nous suggérons qu'il y a corroboration de l'hypothèse de Salterio voulant que les délais d'audit et les délais d'audit anormaux offrent un indicateur documentaire valide pour évaluer les différences sur le plan de la probabilité de négociations auditeur‐client en fin d'exercice. Nous laissons entendre que cet indicateur permettra aux chercheurs d’étudier des questions liées aux données comptables publiées en sachant dans quelle mesure des négociations sont susceptibles d'avoir eu lieu, en plus de fournir aux organismes de réglementation et à d'autres entités une méthode pour déterminer quels clients des cabinets d'audit sont plus susceptibles d'avoir différents types de relations avec leur auditeur.

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Luo & Steven E. Salterio, 2021. "Toward an Archival Measure of the Likelihood of Auditor‐Client Management Negotiation: An Exploration of the Audit Lag Measures Conjecture†," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(1), pages 109-143, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:20:y:2021:i:1:p:109-143
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12237
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12237
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1911-3838.12237?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bame-Aldred, Charles W. & Kida, Thomas, 2007. "A comparison of auditor and client initial negotiation positions and tactics," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 497-511, August.
    2. Aobdia, Daniel, 2019. "Do practitioner assessments agree with academic proxies for audit quality? Evidence from PCAOB and internal inspections," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 144-174.
    3. Andrei Filip & Réal Labelle & Stéphane Rousseau, 2015. "Legal Regime and Financial Reporting Quality," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 280-307, March.
    4. Simunic, Da, 1980. "The Pricing Of Audit Services - Theory And Evidence," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 161-190.
    5. Nouha Khoufi & Walid Khoufi, 2018. "An empirical examination of the determinants of audit report delay in France," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 33(8/9), pages 700-714, October.
    6. Dichev, Ilia D. & Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R. & Rajgopal, Shiva, 2013. "Earnings quality: Evidence from the field," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 1-33.
    7. Craswell, Allen T. & Francis, Jere R. & Taylor, Stephen L., 1995. "Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 297-322, December.
    8. Kenneth B. Schwartz & Billy S. Soo, 1996. "The Association Between Auditor Changes and Reporting Lags," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 353-370, March.
    9. Hai Lu & Gordon Richardson & Steven Salterio, 2011. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Internal Control Weaknesses on Accrual Quality: Evidence from a Unique Canadian Regulatory Setting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 675-707, June.
    10. Ashton, Rh & Willingham, Jj & Elliott, Rk, 1987. "An Empirical-Analysis Of Audit Delay," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 275-292.
    11. Dechow, Patricia & Ge, Weili & Schrand, Catherine, 2010. "Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2-3), pages 344-401, December.
    12. Bikki Jaggi & Judy Tsui, 1999. "Determinants of audit report lag: further evidence from Hong Kong," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 17-28.
    13. Ray Ball & Lakshmanan Shivakumar, 2006. "The Role of Accruals in Asymmetrically Timely Gain and Loss Recognition," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 207-242, May.
    14. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    15. G. Bradley Bennett & Richard C. Hatfield & Chad Stefaniak, 2015. "The Effect of Deadline Pressure on Pre†Negotiation Positions: A Comparison of Auditors and Client Management," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(4), pages 1507-1528, December.
    16. Robert H. Ashton & Paul R. Graul & James D. Newton, 1989. "Audit delay and the timeliness of corporate reporting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(2), pages 657-673, March.
    17. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy: A Discriminant Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(1), pages 193-194, March.
    18. Michael Gibbins & Steven Salterio & Alan Webb, 2001. "Evidence About Auditor–Client Management Negotiation Concerning Client’s Financial Reporting," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 535-563, December.
    19. Marek Kacer & David A. Peel & Michael J. Peel & Nicholas Wilson, 2018. "On the persistence and dynamics of Big 4 real audit fees: Evidence from the UK," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5-6), pages 714-727, May.
    20. Okeefe, Tb & Simunic, Da & Stein, Mt, 1994. "The Production Of Audit Services - Evidence From A Major Public Accounting Firm," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 241-261.
    21. Paul Hribar & D. Craig Nichols, 2007. "The Use of Unsigned Earnings Quality Measures in Tests of Earnings Management," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5), pages 1017-1053, December.
    22. Michael Gibbins & Susan A. McCracken & Steve E. Salterio, 2007. "The Chief Financial Officer's Perspective on Auditor†Client Negotiations," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(2), pages 387-422, June.
    23. Steven E. Salterio & Joan E. D. Conrod & Regan N. Schmidt, 2013. "Canadian Evidence of Adherence to “Comply or Explain” Corporate Governance Codes: An International Comparison," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(1), pages 23-51, March.
    24. Steven E. Salterio, 2012. "Fifteen years in the trenches: Auditor–client negotiations exposed and explored," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 52, pages 233-286, October.
    25. Carcello, Jv & Palmrose, Zv, 1994. "Auditor Litigation And Modified Reporting On Bankrupt Clients," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32, pages 1-30.
    26. K. Hung Chan & Vivian Wei Luo & Phyllis L.L. Mo, 2016. "Determinants and implications of long audit reporting lags: evidence from China," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(2), pages 145-166, February.
    27. Braun, Robert L., 2000. "The effect of time pressure on auditor attention to qualitative aspects of misstatements indicative of potential fraudulent financial reporting," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 243-259, April.
    28. David C. Hay & W. Robert Knechel & Norman Wong, 2006. "Audit Fees: A Meta†analysis of the Effect of Supply and Demand Attributes," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(1), pages 141-191, March.
    29. Sengupta, Partha, 2004. "Disclosure timing: Determinants of quarterly earnings release dates," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 457-482.
    30. Giselle Durand, 2018. "The determinants of audit report lag: a meta-analysis," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 34(1), pages 44-75, October.
    31. McCracken, Susan & Salterio, Steven E. & Gibbins, Michael, 2008. "Auditor-client management relationships and roles in negotiating financial reporting," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 33(4-5), pages 362-383.
    32. DeAngelo, Linda Elizabeth, 1981. "Auditor independence, `low balling', and disclosure regulation," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 113-127, August.
    33. Antle, R & Nalebuff, B, 1991. "Conservatism And Auditor-Client Negotiations," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29, pages 31-54.
    34. DeFond, Mark & Zhang, Jieying, 2014. "A review of archival auditing research," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 275-326.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bryan K. Church & Narisa Tianjing Dai & Xi (Jason) Kuang & Xuejiao Liu, 2020. "The Role of Auditor Narcissism in Auditor–Client Negotiations: Evidence from China," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1756-1787, September.
    2. Jian Cao & Feng Chen & Julia L. Higgs, 2016. "Late for a very important date: financial reporting and audit implications of late 10-K filings," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 633-671, June.
    3. Myojung Cho & Gopal V. Krishnan, 2023. "Principles-based accounting standards and audit outcomes: empirical evidence," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 164-200, March.
    4. DeFond, Mark & Zhang, Jieying, 2014. "A review of archival auditing research," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 275-326.
    5. Knechel, W. Robert & Thomas, Edward & Driskill, Matthew, 2020. "Understanding financial auditing from a service perspective," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Brandon Gipper & Luzi Hail & Christian Leuz, 2017. "On the Economics of Audit Partner Tenure and Rotation: Evidence from PCAOB Data," NBER Working Papers 24018, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Chen, Long & Krishnan, Gopal V. & Yu, Wei, 2018. "The relation between audit fee cuts during the global financial crisis and earnings quality and audit quality," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 14-31.
    8. Bryan, David B. & Mason, Terry W., 2020. "Earnings volatility and audit report lag," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    9. Sharad Asthana & Rachana Kalelkar, 2011. "The Market For Audit Services And S&P 500 Index Clients," Working Papers 0022, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    10. Ghosh, Aloke(Al) & Tang, Charles Y., 2015. "Assessing financial reporting quality of family firms: The auditors׳ perspective," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(1), pages 95-116.
    11. Fargher, Neil & Wee, Marvin, 2019. "The impact of Ball and Brown (1968) on generations of research," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 55-72.
    12. Laurence Daoust & Bertrand Malsch, 2020. "When the Client Is A Former Auditor: Auditees' Expert Knowledge and Social Capital as Threats to Staff Auditors' Operational Independence†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1333-1369, September.
    13. Yang Xu & Elizabeth Carson & Neil Fargher & Liwei Jiang, 2013. "Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 53(1), pages 301-338, March.
    14. Obermire, Kara M. & Cohen, Jeffrey R. & Zehms, Karla M., 2021. "Audit committee members’ professional identities: Evidence from the field," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    15. Kenneth J. Reichelt & Dechun Wang, 2010. "National and Office‐Specific Measures of Auditor Industry Expertise and Effects on Audit Quality," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(3), pages 647-686, June.
    16. Nathan R. Berglund, 2020. "Do Client Bankruptcies Preceded by Clean Audit Opinions Damage Auditor Reputation?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(3), pages 1914-1951, September.
    17. Wan-Hussin, Wan Nordin & Bamahros, Hasan Mohammed, 2013. "Do investment in and the sourcing arrangement of the internal audit function affect audit delay?," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 19-32.
    18. Ferguson, Andrew & Lam, Peter & Ma, Nelson, 2018. "Market reactions to auditor switches under regulatory consent and market driven regimes," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 197-215.
    19. Abernathy, John L. & Beyer, Brooke & Masli, Adi & Stefaniak, Chad, 2014. "The association between characteristics of audit committee accounting experts, audit committee chairs, and financial reporting timeliness," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 283-297.
    20. Hua-Wei Huang & Mai Dao & Wen-Chi Sun, 2017. "The Timeliness of Financial Reporting and Fair Values: Evidence from U.S. Banks," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(01), pages 1-30, March.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:20:y:2021:i:1:p:109-143. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1911-3838 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.