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Auditor Independence: A Nonparametric Test of Differences Across the Big‐5 Public Accounting Firms

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  • Praveen Sinha
  • Herbert G. Hunt

Abstract

This small sample study provides additional evidence on the unsettled question of auditor independence: Does the provision of non‐audit services by an auditor compromise independence resulting in a poor quality audit? We also examine whether these findings vary across the “Big‐5” public accounting firms. Most prior studies addressing this question, using parametric approaches and various measures of audit quality, have reported conflicting results. Contrary to these studies, we use a non‐parametric approach and the probability of GAAP violation as a new measure of audit quality to address this question. Using data from a sample of Fortune 500 companies for the year 2000, we find that firms whose auditors provide substantial non‐audit services tend to have a higher propensity to violate GAAP. At the firm‐level analysis, we find that these results are more likely driven by few of the Big‐5 public accounting firms. For the remaining firms, the association between non‐audit services and quality of audit could not be established, primarily because of small sample size and lack of power in the test. Our main finding is consistent with other recent studies that provide evidence that the rendering of significant non‐audit services by auditors creates conflict of interest resulting in poor quality audits. Furthermore, our result of differences in these levels of association among the Big‐5 accounting firms represents a new finding, and suggests that there is a need for controlling them separately in research studies examining auditor independence. Résumé L'étude, fondée sur un petit échantillon, livre des données supplémentaires quant à la question non résolue de l'indépendance de l'auditeur : la prestation de services autres que l'audit par un auditeur compromet‐elle l'indépendance de ce dernier et diminue‐t‐elle, ce faisant, la qualité de l'audit ? Les auteurs se demandent également si les observations à cet égard varient selon le cabinet d'expertise comptable parmi les « Cinq Grands ». La plupart des chercheurs qui se sont penchés sur cette question auparavant, à l'aide de méthodes paramétriques et de diverses mesures de la qualité de l'audit, ont obtenu des résultats conflictuels. Contrairement à ces chercheurs, les auteurs ont ici recours à une méthode non paramétrique et utilisent la probabilité de dérogation aux PCGR comme nouvelle mesure de la qualité de l'audit pour étudier cette question. En analysant des données provenant d'un échantillon de sociétés du palmarès Fortune 500 pour l'année 2000, ils constatent que les sociétés dont les auditeurs offrent un important volume de services autres que l'audit tendent à afficher une plus grande propension à la dérogation aux PCGR. À l'échelon des cabinets, l'analyse porte les auteurs à conclure que ces résultats sont davantage associés à quelques cabinets d'expertise comptable appartenant aux Cinq Grands. Pour ce qui est des autres cabinets, le lien entre les services autres que l'audit et la qualité de l'audit n'a pu être établi, principalement en raison de la petite taille de l'échantillon et de la puissance insuffisante du test. Les auteurs concluent que leur constatation principale est conforme à celle d'autres études récentes. Dans l'ensemble, ces études fournissent des données convaincantes selon lesquelles la prestation d'un important volume de services autres que l'audit par les auditeurs donne naissance à un conflit d'intérêts qui entraîne la faible qualité des audits. En outre, les résultats qu'ils obtiennent quant aux écarts dans l'intensité de ce lien selon le cabinet, parmi les Cinq Grands, constituent une nouvelle observation et donnent à penser qu'il conviendrait de contrôler ces écarts dans des études distinctes relatives à l'indépendance de l'auditeur.

Suggested Citation

  • Praveen Sinha & Herbert G. Hunt, 2013. "Auditor Independence: A Nonparametric Test of Differences Across the Big‐5 Public Accounting Firms," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(4), pages 301-320, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:accper:v:12:y:2013:i:4:p:301-320
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3838.12020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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