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Enhanced Cooperation, EMU Reforms and Their Implications for Differentiation in the European Union

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  • Kubin Tomasz

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Sciences and Journalism, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Bankowa 11, Katowice40-007, Poland)

Abstract

Initially, before the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, differences in integration between members of the European Communities (EC; later the European Union) were relatively few and usually temporary in nature. The Schengen Agreement, the Maastricht Treaty and the Treaty of Amsterdam, and the possibility of establishing enhanced cooperation meant that the problem was becoming more and more important in the functioning of the EU—both in theory and in practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Kubin Tomasz, 2017. "Enhanced Cooperation, EMU Reforms and Their Implications for Differentiation in the European Union," TalTech Journal of European Studies, Sciendo, vol. 7(2), pages 84-106, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:bjeust:v:7:y:2017:i:2:p:84-106:n:4
    DOI: 10.1515/bjes-2017-0011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric Philippart & Geoffrey Edwards, 1999. "The provisions on closer co-operation in the treaty of Amsterdam: The politics of flexibility in the European Union," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/167095, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Frank Schimmelfennig & Thomas Winzen, 2014. "Instrumental and Constitutional Differentiation in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 354-370, March.
    3. Eric Philippart & Geoffrey Edwards, 1999. "The Provisions on Closer Co‐operation in the Treaty of Amsterdam: The Politics of Flexibility in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 87-108, March.
    4. Alexander C‐G. Stubb, 1996. "A Categorization of Differentiated Integration," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(2), pages 283-295, June.
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