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Changes in Labor Market Discrimination Over Time

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  • Orley Ashenfelter

Abstract

This article offers some evidence on what effect changes in discriminatory practices in labor markets may have had on the relative earnings of black workers. Interest focuses on estimating the extent of any change in the relative earnings of nonwhite workers which may be attributed to changes in discrimination in the postwar period and testing hypotheses about the effect which cyclical swings in aggregate labor market activity may have had on discrimination. The results suggest that there was little change in the extent of discrimination against black men over the period 1950 to 1966, that there was a significant reduction in the extent of discrimination against black women over this period, and that cyclical swings in aggregate labor market activity had little effect on the extent of discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Orley Ashenfelter, 1970. "Changes in Labor Market Discrimination Over Time," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 5(4), pages 403-430.
    • Handle: RePEc:uwp:jhriss:v:5:y:1970:i:4:p:403-430
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    Cited by:

    1. Haining Wang & Fei Guo & Zhiming Cheng, 2015. "A distributional analysis of wage discrimination against migrant workers in China’s urban labour market," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(13), pages 2383-2403, October.
    2. Gordon B. Dahl & Matthew Knepper, 2023. "Age Discrimination across the Business Cycle," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 75-112, November.
    3. Jeff Biddle & Daniel Hamermesh, 2013. "Wage discrimination over the business cycle," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 2(1), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Muhammad Asali & Rusudan Gurashvili, 2020. "Labour market discrimination and the macroeconomy," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(3), pages 515-533, July.
    5. David Card & Alan B. Krueger, 1992. "School Quality and Black-White Relative Earnings: A Direct Assessment," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 107(1), pages 151-200.
    6. Richard B. Freeman, 1981. "Have Black Labor Market Gains Post-1964 Been Permanent or Transitory?," NBER Working Papers 0751, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. James P. Smith & Finis R. Welch, 1977. "Black/White Male Earnings and Employment: 1960-70," NBER Chapters, in: The Distribution of Economic Well-Being, pages 233-302, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Stijn BAERT & Baert COCKX & Niels GHEYLE & Cora VANDAMME, 2013. "Do Employers Discriminate Less if Vacancies Are Difficult to Fill? Evidence From a Field Experiment," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2013001, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    9. Johnston, David W. & Lordan, Grace, 2016. "Racial prejudice and labour market penalties during economic downturns," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 57-75.
    10. David Neumark & Patrick Button, 2014. "Did Age Discrimination Protections Help Older Workers Weather the Great Recession?," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 566-601, June.
    11. Richard Butler & James J. Heckman, 1977. "The Government's Impact on the Labor Market Status of Black Americans: A Critical Review," NBER Working Papers 0183, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Ronald L. Oaxaca, 1977. "The Persistence of Male-Female Earnings Differentials," NBER Chapters, in: The Distribution of Economic Well-Being, pages 303-354, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Herbert Gintis & Herbert Gintis, 1976. "The Nature of Labor Exchange and the Theory of Capitalist Production," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 8(2), pages 36-54, July.
    14. Johnston, David W. & Lordan, Grace, 2014. "When work disappears: racial prejudice and recession labour market penalties," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 56110, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    15. Jeff Biddle & Daniel S. Hamermesh, 2011. "Cycles of Wage Discrimination," NBER Working Papers 17326, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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