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Explaining Progress in Climate Adaptation Planning Across 156 U.S. Municipalities

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  • Linda Shi
  • Eric Chu
  • Jessica Debats

Abstract

Problem, research strategy, and findings : Cities are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change and taking steps to adapt to current and future natural hazard risks. Research on these efforts has identified numerous barriers to climate adaptation planning, but has not yet systematically evaluated the relative importance of different constraints for a large number of diverse cities. We draw on responses from 156 U.S. cities that participated in a 2011 global survey on local adaptation planning, 60% of which are planning for climate change. We use logistic regression analysis to assess the significance of 13 indicators measuring political leadership, fiscal and administrative resources, ability to obtain and communicate climate information, and state policies in predicting the status of adaptation planning. In keeping with the literature, we find that greater local elected officials' commitment, higher municipal expenditures per capita, and an awareness that the climate is already changing are associated with cities engaging in adaptation planning. The presence of state policies on climate adaptation is surprisingly not a statistically significant predictor, suggesting that current policies are not yet strong enough to increase local adaptation planning. However, the model's sampling bias toward larger and more environmentally progressive cities may mask the predictive power of state policies and other indicators. Takeaway for practice : State governments have an opportunity to increase local political commitment by integrating requirements for climate-risk evaluations into existing funding streams and investment plans. Regional planning entities also can help overcome the lack of local fiscal capacity and political support by facilitating the exchange of information, pooling and channeling resources, and providing technical assistance to local planners.

Suggested Citation

  • Linda Shi & Eric Chu & Jessica Debats, 2015. "Explaining Progress in Climate Adaptation Planning Across 156 U.S. Municipalities," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 81(3), pages 191-202, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjpaxx:v:81:y:2015:i:3:p:191-202
    DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2015.1074526
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    Cited by:

    1. Saatvika Rai, 2020. "Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(4), pages 444-463, July.
    2. Qiao Hu & Zhenghong Tang & Martha Shulski & Natalie Umphlett & Tarik Abdel-Monem & Frank E. Uhlarik, 2018. "An examination of midwestern US cities’ preparedness for climate change and extreme hazards," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(2), pages 777-800, November.
    3. Thomas Bausch & Karin Koziol, 2020. "New Policy Approaches for Increasing Response to Climate Change in Small Rural Municipalities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Vanesa Castán Broto & Linda K. Westman, 2020. "Ten years after Copenhagen: Reimagining climate change governance in urban areas," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 11(4), July.
    5. Brian Y. An & Adam Butz & Min-Kyeong Cha & Joshua L. Mitchell, 2023. "Following neighbors or regional leaders? Unpacking the effect of geographic proximity in local climate policy diffusion," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 56(4), pages 825-868, December.
    6. Hyunjung Ji & Mark Patrick Tate, 2021. "Spillover effects of central cities on sustainability efforts in a metropolitan area," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 54(1), pages 95-121, March.
    7. Tisha Joseph Holmes & Ava Holt & Dorette Quintana English, 2022. "Progress of Local Health Department Planning Actions for Climate Change: Perspectives from California, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-17, June.
    8. Md Aboul Fazal Younus & Md Alamgir Kabir, 2018. "Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation of Bangladesh: Mechanisms, Notions and Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Stevens, Mark R. & Senbel, Maged, 2017. "Are municipal land use plans keeping pace with global climate change?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-14.
    10. Anthony Charles Milordis & William Hale Butler & Tisha Joseph Holmes, 2023. "What is slowing progress on climate change adaptation? Evaluating barriers to planning for sea level rise in Florida," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 28(8), pages 1-26, December.
    11. Shorna B. Allred & Allison M. Chatrchyan & Giorgi Tsintsadze, 2022. "Local municipal capacity for climate change action in New York State: Exploring the urban–rural divide," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(5), pages 570-601, September.
    12. Thomas Hoppe & Arjen Van der Vegt & Peter Stegmaier, 2016. "Presenting a Framework to Analyze Local Climate Policy and Action in Small and Medium-Sized Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-41, August.
    13. Missy Stults & Sierra C. Woodruff, 2017. "Looking under the hood of local adaptation plans: shedding light on the actions prioritized to build local resilience to climate change," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 22(8), pages 1249-1279, December.
    14. Alina Pancewicz & Wiktoria Anczykowska & Natalia Żak, 2023. "Climate change adaptation activities planning and implementation in large cities: results of research carried out in Poland and selected European cities," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(8), pages 1-20, August.
    15. Antje Otto & Christian Göpfert & Annegret H. Thieken, 2021. "Are cities prepared for climate change? An analysis of adaptation readiness in 104 German cities," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 1-25, December.
    16. Julia A. Ekstrom & Louise Bedsworth & Amanda Fencl, 2017. "Gauging climate preparedness to inform adaptation needs: local level adaptation in drinking water quality in CA, USA," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 140(3), pages 467-481, February.
    17. Guo, Ziyi & Wang, Yan, 2023. "Benchmarking Plans for Community-based Small Business Resilience across Gulf Coast Counties," SocArXiv 675ty, Center for Open Science.
    18. Wissman-Weber, Nichole & Levy, David L., 2021. "Organizing for climate adaptation: Competing visions in Boston," economic sociology. perspectives and conversations, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, vol. 22(2), pages 24-29.
    19. Eric Chu & Todd Schenk & James Patterson, 2018. "The Dilemmas of Citizen Inclusion in Urban Planning and Governance to Enable a 1.5 °C Climate Change Scenario," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(2), pages 128-140.
    20. P. P. Stoll & W. P. Pauw & F. Tohme & C. Grüning, 2021. "Mobilizing private adaptation finance: lessons learned from the Green Climate Fund," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 1-19, August.

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