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Shrinkage Estimation for Multivariate Hidden Markov Models

Author

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  • Mark Fiecas
  • Jürgen Franke
  • Rainer von Sachs
  • Joseph Tadjuidje Kamgaing

Abstract

Motivated from a changing market environment over time, we consider high-dimensional data such as financial returns, generated by a hidden Markov model that allows for switching between different regimes or states. To get more stable estimates of the covariance matrices of the different states, potentially driven by a number of observations that are small compared to the dimension, we modify the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm so that it yields the shrinkage estimators for the covariance matrices. The final algorithm turns out to reproduce better estimates not only for the covariance matrices but also for the transition matrix. It results into a more stable and reliable filter that allows for reconstructing the values of the hidden Markov chain. In addition to a simulation study performed in this article, we also present a series of theoretical results that include dimensionality asymptotics and provide the motivation for certain techniques used in the algorithm. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Fiecas & Jürgen Franke & Rainer von Sachs & Joseph Tadjuidje Kamgaing, 2017. "Shrinkage Estimation for Multivariate Hidden Markov Models," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 112(517), pages 424-435, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jnlasa:v:112:y:2017:i:517:p:424-435
    DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2016.1148608
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. von Sachs, Rainer, 2019. "Spectral Analysis of Multivariate Time Series," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2019008, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    3. Marcelo Lewin & Carlos Heitor Campani, 2023. "Constrained portfolio strategies in a regime-switching economy," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 37(1), pages 27-59, March.
    4. Peter Nystrup & Stephen Boyd & Erik Lindström & Henrik Madsen, 2019. "Multi-period portfolio selection with drawdown control," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 282(1), pages 245-271, November.
    5. Reetam Majumder & Qing Ji & Nagaraj K. Neerchal, 2023. "Optimal Stock Portfolio Selection with a Multivariate Hidden Markov Model," Sankhya B: The Indian Journal of Statistics, Springer;Indian Statistical Institute, vol. 85(1), pages 177-198, May.
    6. David Hallac & Peter Nystrup & Stephen Boyd, 2019. "Greedy Gaussian segmentation of multivariate time series," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 13(3), pages 727-751, September.

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