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The Diversity of Innovation in the European Union: Mapping Latent Dimensions and Regional Profiles

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  • Hugo Pinto

Abstract

Regional innovation systems are a relevant approach when analysing territories from either a theoretical or an operational point of view. In the last few years, the development of several different comparisons of innovative profiles of sub-national level demonstrates the interest in this paradigm. The article proposes, through an analysis of 175 regions, a typology of regional innovative profiles to understand the diversity of innovation in the European Union. Multivariate statistics were used to find the dimensions underlying the innovation phenomena and to create homogenous groups of regions that display similar profiles. First, Factorial Analysis was used to reduce regional indicators to their latent dimensions (Technological Innovation, Human Capital, Economic Structure and Labour Market Availability). Second, a hierarchical analysis of clusters was undertaken, resulting in five groupings of regions (Disadvantaged Regions, Average Regions, Central Regions, Large Economic Centres and Innovating Regions). The results of the study are compared with other relevant analyses and some consensual ideas are achieved. Physical proximity still has a relevant impact on innovation processes. The planning and policy-making of innovation must take into account this profile diversity and should originate actions adapted to each specific context. With a political agenda such as Lisbon's, which intends to create a competitive territory, the focus on an indicator such as gross domestic product is extremely inadequate for fundamental decisions related to financing regional policy. More meaningful analysis like the one carried out in the article could be an example to evaluate future regional budgets in terms of European regional policy.

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  • Hugo Pinto, 2009. "The Diversity of Innovation in the European Union: Mapping Latent Dimensions and Regional Profiles," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 303-326, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurpls:v:17:y:2009:i:2:p:303-326
    DOI: 10.1080/09654310802553571
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christophe Carrincazeaux & Frédéric Gaschet, 2006. "Knowledge and the diversity of innovation systems: a comparative analysis of European regions," Post-Print hal-00257384, HAL.
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    1. Lorenzo CASSI & Emilie-Pauline GALLIÉ & Agénor LAHATTE & Valérie MERINDOL, 2018. "Scientific network centrality of European regions: the role of territorial resources," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 47, pages 5-26.
    2. Tommi Inkinen & Inka Kaakinen, 2016. "Economic Geography of Knowledge-Intensive Technology Clusters: Lessons from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 95-114, January.
    3. Małgorzata Dziembała, 2021. "The Enhancement of Sustainable Competitiveness of the CEE Regions at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic Instability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Margherita Russo & Annalisa Caloffi & Ana Colovic & Pasquale Pavone & Saverio Romeo & Federica Rossi, 2021. "Mapping the distribution of Internet of Things competences across European regions," Working Papers 57, Birkbeck Centre for Innovation Management Research, revised Dec 2021.
    5. Mickael Benaim & Jean-Alain Héraud & Valérie Mérindol, 2016. "Scientific connectivity of European regions: towards a typology of cooperative schemes," Journal of Innovation Economics, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(3), pages 155-176.
    6. G. Martinidis & N. Komninos & E. Carayannis, 2022. "Taking into Account the Human Factor in Regional Innovation Systems and Policies," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(2), pages 849-879, June.
    7. Kowalik Jan, 2014. "Regional Innovativeness Strategies And Their Impact On Innovativeness Of Provinces In Poland. A Spatio-temporal Analysis," Comparative Economic Research, Sciendo, vol. 17(4), pages 121-135, December.
    8. Sotiris Zygiaris, 2009. "Regional Innovation System Failures And Highlights," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 3(2), pages 54-76, DECEMBER.
    9. Bresciani, Stefano & Puertas, Rosa & Ferraris, Alberto & Santoro, Gabriele, 2021. "Innovation, environmental sustainability and economic development: DEA-Bootstrap and multilevel analysis to compare two regions," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    10. Christophe Carrincazeaux & Frederic Gaschet, 2015. "Regional Innovation Systems and Economic Performance: Between Regions and Nations," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 262-291, February.
    11. Hauser, Christoph & Siller, Matthias & Schatzer, Thomas & Walde, Janette & Tappeiner, Gottfried, 2018. "Measuring regional innovation: A critical inspection of the ability of single indicators to shape technological change," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 43-55.
    12. Madalina-Gabriela Anghel & Constantin Anghelache & Daniel Dumitrescu & Doina Burea & Radu Stoica, 2018. "Analysis of the Effect of Accessing the Community Funds for Financing Investments on Romania's Economic Growth," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 8(2), pages 102-112, April.
    13. Hugo Pinto & Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, 2013. "Exploring knowledge-transfer dynamics in a South European region: breadth, intensity and informality of university-industry interactions in Andalusia," Chapters, in: Tüzin Baycan (ed.), Knowledge Commercialization and Valorization in Regional Economic Development, chapter 10, pages 209-237, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    14. Teemu Makkonen & Robert P. Have, 2013. "Benchmarking regional innovative performance: composite measures and direct innovation counts," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 94(1), pages 247-262, January.
    15. Ganau, Roberto & Grandinetti, Roberto, 2021. "Disentangling regional innovation capability: what really matters?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 114921, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    16. Ana Garcia-Bernabeu & José Manuel Cabello & Francisco Ruiz, 2020. "A Multi-Criteria Reference Point Based Approach for Assessing Regional Innovation Performance in Spain," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-21, May.
    17. Anna Golejewska, 2018. "Innovativeness of Enterprises in Poland in the Regional Context," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 14(1), pages 29-44.
    18. Constantin ANGHELACHE & Madalina-Gabriela ANGHEL & Andreea–Ioana MARINESCU & Maria MIREA, 2017. "Analysis Of The European Union S Science And Technology Strategy," Romanian Statistical Review Supplement, Romanian Statistical Review, vol. 65(9), pages 17-30, September.
    19. Constantin ANGHELACHE & Mădălina-Gabriela ANGHEL & Stefan Virgil IACOB & Dana Luiza GRIGORESCU, 2022. "Economic growth at the expense of technology," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(3(632), A), pages 207-222, Autumn.

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